Intrapartum synthetic oxytocin, behavioral and emotional problems in children, and the role of postnatal depressive symptoms, postnatal anxiety and mother-to-infant bonding: A Dutch prospective cohort study
“…Similarly, individuals with elevated depressive symptoms recall memories that are more negative following IAO in the non-social context ( Wong et al, 2021b ). In addition, intrapartum OT application is positively associated with postnatal depressive symptoms in pregnant women ( Tichelman et al, 2021 ). These findings implicate that abnormally increased OT bioavailability in vulnerable persons can evoke or enforce some negative social activities.…”
Section: Higher Brain Functionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, ASD severity is also associated with OTR SNP rs2254298 (Yang et al, 2017). In two ASD-associated OTR SNPs, rs2254298 and rs53576 have (Li et al, 2020;Li et al, 2021c;Li et al, 2021e;Liu et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2006) (18) (Tichelman et al, 2021;Wong et al, 2021a;Wong et al, 2021c) Abbreviations significant association with altered brain activity in the right supramarginal gyrus, which can be an important etiology of ASDs in adolescents (Uzefovsky et al, 2019). It was also reported that disease severity of the patients carrying GA and AA genotypes (GA/AA) of the SNP rs237902 is more severe compared to severity of GG genotype in ASD children (Ocakoglu et al, 2018).…”
Oxytocin (OT), a nonapeptide, has a variety of functions. Despite extensive studies on OT over past decades, our understanding of its neural functions and their regulation remains incomplete. OT is mainly produced in OT neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and accessory nuclei between the SON and PVN. OT exerts neuromodulatory effects in the brain and spinal cord. While magnocellular OT neurons in the SON and PVN mainly innervate the pituitary and forebrain regions, and parvocellular OT neurons in the PVN innervate brainstem and spinal cord, the two sets of OT neurons have close interactions histologically and functionally. OT expression occurs at early life to promote mental and physical development, while its subsequent decrease in expression in later life stage accompanies aging and diseases. Adaptive changes in this OT system, however, take place under different conditions and upon the maturation of OT release machinery. OT can modulate social recognition and behaviors, learning and memory, emotion, reward, and other higher brain functions. OT also regulates eating and drinking, sleep and wakefulness, nociception and analgesia, sexual behavior, parturition, lactation and other instinctive behaviors. OT regulates the autonomic nervous system, and somatic and specialized senses. Notably, OT can have different modulatory effects on the same function under different conditions. Such divergence may derive from different neural connections, OT receptor gene dimorphism and methylation, and complex interactions with other hormones. In this review, brain functions of OT and their underlying neural mechanisms as well as the perspectives of their clinical usage are presented.
“…Similarly, individuals with elevated depressive symptoms recall memories that are more negative following IAO in the non-social context ( Wong et al, 2021b ). In addition, intrapartum OT application is positively associated with postnatal depressive symptoms in pregnant women ( Tichelman et al, 2021 ). These findings implicate that abnormally increased OT bioavailability in vulnerable persons can evoke or enforce some negative social activities.…”
Section: Higher Brain Functionsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, ASD severity is also associated with OTR SNP rs2254298 (Yang et al, 2017). In two ASD-associated OTR SNPs, rs2254298 and rs53576 have (Li et al, 2020;Li et al, 2021c;Li et al, 2021e;Liu et al, 2019;Wang et al, 2006) (18) (Tichelman et al, 2021;Wong et al, 2021a;Wong et al, 2021c) Abbreviations significant association with altered brain activity in the right supramarginal gyrus, which can be an important etiology of ASDs in adolescents (Uzefovsky et al, 2019). It was also reported that disease severity of the patients carrying GA and AA genotypes (GA/AA) of the SNP rs237902 is more severe compared to severity of GG genotype in ASD children (Ocakoglu et al, 2018).…”
Oxytocin (OT), a nonapeptide, has a variety of functions. Despite extensive studies on OT over past decades, our understanding of its neural functions and their regulation remains incomplete. OT is mainly produced in OT neurons in the supraoptic nucleus (SON), paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and accessory nuclei between the SON and PVN. OT exerts neuromodulatory effects in the brain and spinal cord. While magnocellular OT neurons in the SON and PVN mainly innervate the pituitary and forebrain regions, and parvocellular OT neurons in the PVN innervate brainstem and spinal cord, the two sets of OT neurons have close interactions histologically and functionally. OT expression occurs at early life to promote mental and physical development, while its subsequent decrease in expression in later life stage accompanies aging and diseases. Adaptive changes in this OT system, however, take place under different conditions and upon the maturation of OT release machinery. OT can modulate social recognition and behaviors, learning and memory, emotion, reward, and other higher brain functions. OT also regulates eating and drinking, sleep and wakefulness, nociception and analgesia, sexual behavior, parturition, lactation and other instinctive behaviors. OT regulates the autonomic nervous system, and somatic and specialized senses. Notably, OT can have different modulatory effects on the same function under different conditions. Such divergence may derive from different neural connections, OT receptor gene dimorphism and methylation, and complex interactions with other hormones. In this review, brain functions of OT and their underlying neural mechanisms as well as the perspectives of their clinical usage are presented.
“…Four studies compared parental bonding and interaction between parents who received synthetic OT and those who were not exposed to synthetic OT (Kunimi et al., 2022; Naber et al., 2010; Tichelman et al., 2021; Weisman et al., 2012). Information on the administration of intrapartum synthetic OT for mothers was retrieved from medical records (Kunimi et al., 2022; Tichelman et al., 2021), whereas in fathers’ studies, fathers received 24 IU intranasal OT spray and a placebo nasal spray on two separate days (Naber et al., 2010; Weisman et al., 2012). In a recent large cohort study, mothers who received synthetic OT reported higher mother–infant bonding scores at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year postpartum than those who were not exposed to OT (Kunimi et al., 2022).…”
Oxytocin (OT) plays a pivotal role in early parent-child relationship formation and bonding that is critical for the social, cognitive, and emotional development of the child.Therefore, this systematic review aims to consolidate all available evidence regarding the associations of parental OT concentration levels with parenting behavior and bonding within the past 20 years. A systematic search was conducted in five databases from 2002 to May 2022, and 33 studies were finalized and included. Due to the heterogeneity of the data, findings were presented narratively based on the type of OT and parenting outcomes. Current evidence strongly suggests that parental OT levels are positively related to parental touch and parental gaze and affect synchrony and observer-coded parent-infant bonding. No gender difference in OT levels was observed between fathers and mothers, but OT strengthens affectionate parenting in mothers and stimulatory parenting in fathers. Child OT levels were also positively associated with parental OT levels. Family and healthcare providers could encourage more positive touch and interactive play between parent and child to strengthen parent-child relationships.
Although numerous studies have found that maternal anxiety is a risk factor for the development of children’s problem behaviors, and there is a possible role of genes in the association between the two. And anxious mothers caring for their children can also affect the development of children’s problem behaviors. However, there is also considerable evidence from studies that refute this view. This study used a meta-analysis to explore the relationship between maternal anxiety and preschool children’s problem behaviors. Through literature retrieval and selection, in terms of the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis, 88 independent effect sizes (34 studies, 295,032 participants) were picked out as meta-analysis units. The test for heterogeneity illustrated that there was significant heterogeneity in 88 independent effect sizes, while the random effects model was an appropriate model for the subsequent meta-analysis. The publication bias test indicated that the impact of publication bias was modest but the major findings remained valid. In addition, in terms of the tentative review analysis and research hypotheses, the random effects model was used as a meta-analysis model. The research revealed that maternal anxiety was significantly positively correlated with preschool children’s internalizing problem behaviors, externalizing problem behaviors, and overall problem behaviors. The moderating effect analysis showed that region and gender of the child affected the relationship between maternal anxiety and children’s internalizing problem behaviors and externalizing problem behaviors, and region, child’s age and gender, mother’s age, and education level affected maternal anxiety and preschool children’s problems behavioral relationship. Hence, these results affirmed the role of maternal anxiety and emphasized the need to pay attention to the demographic characteristics and cultural background of the subjects during the research process and consider the generalizability of the conclusions under different circumstances.
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