Intrapair Differences of Physical Aging and Longevity in Identical Twins

Hayakawa, Kayoko; Shimizu, Tadahiko; Ohba, Y; Tomioka, Shigeru; Takahasi, Shingo; Amano, Keisuke; Yura, Akiko; Yokoyama, Yoshinobu; Hayakata, Y

doi:10.1017/s0001566000002385

Cited by 24 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Twin or adoption studies may be used to separate genetic and environmental effects and to investigate the strength of these effects. During the recent decades, registers mainly in the Nordic countries have made large twin studies possible [Hayakawa et al, 1992;McGue et al, 1993;Herskind et al, 1996;Iachine et al, 1998]. A twin study, based on registers from Denmark, Sweden, and Finland in which the resemblance in mortality among pairs of monozygotic twins and pairs of dizygotic twins was compared, supports the fact that there is a genetic influence on mortality [Iachine et al, 1998].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature death of adult adoptees: Analyses of a case‐cohort sample

Petersen

Andersen

Sørensen

2005

Genetic Epidemiology

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Genetic and environmental influence on risk of premature death in adulthood was investigated by estimating the associations in total and cause-specific mortality of adult Danish adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents. Among all 14,425 non-familial adoptions formally granted in Denmark during the period 1924 through 1947, we selected the study population according to a case-cohort sampling design. As the case-control design, the case-cohort design has the advantage of economic data collection and little loss in statistical efficiency, but the case-cohort sample has the additional advantages that rate ratio estimates may be obtained, and re-use of the cohort sample in future studies of other outcomes is possible. Analyses were performed using Kalbfleisch and Lawless's estimator for hazard ratio, and robust estimation for variances. In the main analyses the sample was restricted to birth years of the adoptees 1924 and after, and age of transfer to the adoptive parents before 7 years, and age at death was restricted to 16 to 70 years. The results showed a higher mortality among adoptees, whose biological parents died in the age range of 16 to 70 years; this was significant for deaths from natural causes, vascular causes and all causes. No influence was seen from early death of adoptive parents, regardless of cause of death.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Premature death of adult adoptees: Analyses of a case‐cohort sample

Petersen

Andersen

Sørensen

2005

Genetic Epidemiology

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“…This seemed surprising, since studies on the degree of hair loss among monozygotic twins aged over 50 have shown that intrapair differences were negligible in 92%, slight in 8% and striking in none [1]. A salient feature differing the two brothers in their personal histories was that the balding brother admitted to heavy cigarette smoking, while the other was a non-smoker.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Smoking and Hair Loss: Another Opportunity for Health Education against Smoking?

Trüeb¹

2003

Dermatology

103

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Besides being the single most preventable cause of significant morbidity and an important cause of death in the general population, tobacco smoking has been associated with adverse effects on the skin. Smoke-induced premature skin ageing has attracted the attention of the medical community, while only recently an observational study has indicated a significant relationship between smoking and baldness. The mechanisms by which smoking causes hair loss are multifactorial and are probably related to effects of cigarette smoke on the microvasculature of the dermal hair papilla, smoke genotoxicants causing damage to DNA of the hair follicle, smoke-induced imbalance in the follicular protease/antiprotease systems controlling tissue remodeling during the hair growth cycle, pro-oxidant effects of smoking leading to the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines resulting in follicular micro-inflammation and fibrosis and finally increased hydroxylation of oestradiol as well as inhibition of the enzyme aromatase creating a relative hypo-oestrogenic state. In view of the psychological impact of androgenetic alopecia on affected men and women, increasing public awareness of the association between smoking and hair loss offers an opportunity for health education against smoking that may be more effective than the link between smoking and facial wrinkles or grey hair, since the latter can be effectively counteracted by current aesthetic dermatologic procedures, while treatment options for androgenetic alopecia are limited.

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“…Twin-or adoption studies may be used to separate genetic and environmental effects and to investigate the strength of these effects. During recent decades, registers mainly in the Nordic countries have made large twin studies possible [Hayakawa et al, 1992;McGue et al, 1993;Herskind et al, 1996;Iachine et al, 1998]. A twin study, based on registers from Denmark, Sweden, and Finland in which the resemblance in mortality among pairs of monozygotic twins and pairs of dizygotic twins was compared, supports that there is a genetic influence on mortality [Iachine et al, 1998;Christensen and Vaupel, 1996].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Case‐control study of genetic and environmental influences on premature death of adult adoptees

Petersen

Nielsen

Andersen

et al. 2002

Genetic Epidemiology

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Genetic and environmental influence on risk of premature death in adulthood was investigated by estimating the associations in total and cause-specific mortality of adult Danish adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents. Among all 14,427 nonfamilial adoptions formally granted in Denmark during the period 1923 through 1947, we identified 976 case families in which the adoptee died before a fixed date. As control families, we selected 976 families where the adoptees were alive on that date, and matched to the case adoptees with regard to gender and year and month of birth. The data were viewed as a cohort of case parents and a cohort of control parents, and lifetime distributions in the two cohorts were compared using a Cox regression, stratified with regard to the matching variables: gender and year of birth. In the main analyses, the sample was restricted with regard to birth year of the adoptees, and age of transfer to the adoptive parents, and age at death was restricted to the same range for parents and offspring (25-64 years) in order to consider a symmetric lifetime distribution. This reduces the sample to 459 case families and 738 control families. Various truncations, restrictions, and stratifications were used in order to examine the robustness of the results. The results showed a higher mortality among biological parents who had children dying in the age range 25 through 64 years, and this was significant for death from natural causes, infectious causes, vascular causes, and from all causes combined. There were no significant effects for the adoptive parents. This study supports that there are moderate genetic influences on the risk of dying prematurely in adulthood, and only a small, if any, effect of the family environment.

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Intrapair Differences of Physical Aging and Longevity in Identical Twins

Cited by 24 publications

References 18 publications

Premature death of adult adoptees: Analyses of a case‐cohort sample

Premature death of adult adoptees: Analyses of a case‐cohort sample

Association between Smoking and Hair Loss: Another Opportunity for Health Education against Smoking?

Case‐control study of genetic and environmental influences on premature death of adult adoptees

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