Intraosseous Epidermoid Cysts in the Distal Phalanx of Two Dogs

Homer, Bruce L.; Ackerman, Norman B.; Woody, Benny J.; Green, Ron W.

doi:10.1111/j.1740-8261.1992.tb01432.x

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…Clinical signs of the case reported herein are similar to those previously described in dogs and in humans, and include firm bony enlargement of the PIII of the affected digits and nail deformation [ 3 , 4 , 9 – 23 , 25 , 34 ]. There was no associated pain during physical examination or lameness on gait analysis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…A 2.4:1 male-female ratio was reported; however, no breed predispositions were identified. Of the 7 dogs with digital IECs reported in the English-language literature, 3 were female, 1 was male and the sex was not recorded in the remaining 3 dogs [ 3 – 6 ]. Age of affected dogs ranged from 3.5 to 12.0 years [ 3 – 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of the 7 dogs with digital IECs reported in the English-language literature, 3 were female, 1 was male and the sex was not recorded in the remaining 3 dogs [ 3 – 6 ]. Age of affected dogs ranged from 3.5 to 12.0 years [ 3 – 5 ]. In the human literature, phalangeal IECs have been diagnosed in people from the age of 19.0 to 54.0 years and occur more commonly in men than women [ 8 , 11 , 20 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common clinical signs reported in the veterinary and human literature for phalangeal IECs include painful swelling of the affected phalanx and nail deformation [ 3 , 4 , 9 – 23 , 25 , 34 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Treatment options for IECs that have been reported in dogs include digital amputation and isolated PIII amputation [ 3 – 5 , 32 ]. In the human literature, treatment options include curettage of the lesion [ 8 – 14 , 16 – 20 , 23 – 26 , 31 ], curettage combined with packing of the bone cavity with autogenous cancellous or synthetic bone graft [ 11 , 13 , 18 – 20 , 23 – 25 , 31 ], en bloc excision and amputation [ 11 , 14 , 16 , 24 , 27 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intraosseous epidermoid cysts of adjacent digits in a dog

Vagias

Cassidy²,

Skelly

et al. 2020

BMC Vet Res

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Background Intraosseous epidermoid cyst (IEC) is a rare, non-neoplastic, pathology in animals and humans that most commonly affects the distal phalanx. In dogs, it is important to differentiate this lesion from malignant digital tumours causing bone lysis. In previous reports, IEC has been described to affect only a single digit at the time of diagnosis which is usually based on histopathology. This is the first case report to describe immunohistochemically confirmed IECs affecting simultaneously multiple digits. Case presentation A 4-and-a-half-year-old female spayed Great Dane was presented with a 2-month history of progressive swelling of the distal phalanx (PIII) of digits IV and V of the right pelvic limb. Eleven weeks prior to presentation, the dog had a low-grade cutaneous mast cell tumour completely excised from the craniolateral base of its left pinna. A history of trauma to 1 of the nails of the same pes 4 years prior to referral was also reported. Examination of the right pelvic limb identified firm non-painful swelling of PIII of digits IV and V, with concurrent deformation of the nails. Radiographs of the right pes obtained by the primary veterinarian identified an expansile lesion of PIII of digits IV and V. Computed tomography identified large expansile lesions of PIII of digits IV and V, with associated cortical thinning and soft tissue swelling. Neoplasia was considered the most likely radiographic diagnosis. Histopathology of Jamshidi bone biopsies was consistent with intraosseous epidermoid cyst, which was confirmed with immunohistochemistry. Amputation of PIII of digits IV and V at the level of mid-PII was performed as definitive treatment. No recurrence of the lesion occurred during the 10-month follow-up period. Conclusions Intraosseous epidermoid cysts should be included in the differential diagnosis for expansile lesions affecting the canine digit. It is important to differentiate them from other digital lesions, with bone involvement, such as malignant digital tumours, which often require more extensive surgery for definitive treatment. The case herein highlights that this lesion can affect simultaneously multiple digits. Definitive diagnosis can be achieved by identification of keratin-producing epithelial cells on histopathology and confirmed by pancytokeratin labelling.

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