Intraoral Potentially Malignant Disorders in a Brazilian Oral Pathology Service: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Histopathological Findings

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of individuals with intraoral potentially malignant disorders (IOPMD) in an oral pathology service in Brazil. Cases were screened based on clinical diagnosis of leukoplakia (LKP), erythroleukoplakia (ELKP), and erythroplakia (EP). Clinical data and information regarding associated factors were gathered from biopsy reports. Histological diagnoses were collected from histopathological records. Among 208 IOPMD cases, 84.13% involved LKP; 11.1%, ELKP; and 4.8%, EP. The most affected sites were the gingiva and buccal mucosa. Histologically, epithelial dysplasia was present in 66.8% of the lesions, acanthosis and hyperkeratosis without epithelial dysplasia were present in 27.9%, and squamous cell carcinoma was present in 2.9%. Most patients were males, fair-skinned, with mean age of 53.4 years. Chronic smokers represented 73% of subjects, of which 30% also consumed alcohol. Smokers and drinkers were mostly males (p < 0.001). EP and ELKP represented histologically more severe degrees of epithelial dysplasia than LKP (p < 0.001). In conclusion, individuals with IOPMD were more frequently fair-skinned men in the sixth decade of life, with smoking habit. Special attention is required to clinical diagnoses of ELKP and EP since the prevalence of severe epithelial dysplasia, in situ carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma is higher than in LKP.

Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders and Squamous Cell Carcinoma at the Tongue: Clinicopathological Analysis in a Thai Population

“…This figure is lower than previous studies in which tongue OPMD represented 19.7 to 20.7% of all OPMDs. 17 18 In contrast to tongue SCC, tongue OPMDs showed a slight female predominance (M:F= 0.7:1), which is in agreement with previous studies. 18 The present study showed that incidence of tongue OPMDs was in 7th decade that is relatively similar to the peak incidence of tongue SCC.…”

“…In the present study, 64.6% of tongue OPMDs showed the histopathologic feature of epithelial dysplasia. The high proportion of epithelial dysplasia (73%) among tongue OPMDs has previously been reported by Mello et al 17 In comparison to OPMDs at other intraoral sites, dysplastic change of OPMDs at the tongue was considerably higher as reported by previous studies. 22 27 With regard to each OPMDs, all tongue erythroplakia in the present study showed the histologic feature as epithelial dysplasia, confirming the systemic review of Mello et al showing the highest risk of malignancy for oral erythroplakia.…”

Evaluation of two classification systems for oral epithelial dysplasia

“…According to the WHO system, lesions with a non‐homogeneous clinical appearance were more strongly associated with severe OED than with mild OED (OR = 10.5; 95%CI:1.893–58.242; p = .007). Our results were in accordance with the current literature, which identified a low prevalence and an increased risk of malignant transformation for non‐homogeneous leukoplakias (Mello et al., 2018; Mello et al, 2018b; Speight et al., 2018).…”

Immunoexpression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Histopathological tissue samples of oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…Our study showed results (Table 4) which are consistent with the studies reported by Majumdar et al, (30%) and Siriwardena et al, who observed buccal mucosa (50%) was commonly affected 21,22 . Beena et al observed that the tongue (65%) and gingiva (59%) were more commonly affected 23 .…”