Intraoperative two-dimensional echocardiography for guiding surgical correction in subvalvular aortic obstruction

Combined anterior mitral leaflet extension and spark erosion myectomy in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: Echo-enhanced surgery

“…[1][2][3] Intraoperative and postoperative echocardiography provided also insight in the limitations of the classic Morrow operation, such as residual outflow gradients immediately after extracorporeal circulation and residual mitral regurgitation. 4,5 This instantaneous echocardiographic feed back made surgeons aware of possible improvements of the surgical procedure, such as immediate re-intervention on the basis of intra-operative echocardiographic data, a more rigorous and extensive myectomy and manipulation of the anterior mitral leaflet. The rise (and fall) of the pacemaker therapy for HOCM and other noninvasive treatment options was the incentive for many surgical centers to review their results with septal myo-myectomy.…”