Intraoperative squash cytology: accuracy and impact on immediate surgical management of central nervous system tumours

Krishnani, Narendra; Kumari, Niraj; Behari, Sanjay; Rana, Chanchal; Gupta, Prasheelkumar Premnarayan

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2303.2011.00905.x

Cited by 33 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular disease [3, 4]. Endothelial dysfunction occurs early in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis [5, 6]. We have shown that stable reactive aldehydes present in cigarette smoke promote endothelial dysfunction by increasing the production of NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) [7, 8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Augments Glomerular Injury in a Rat Model of Acute Nephritis

Jaimes¹,

Tian

Joshi³

et al. 2008

Am J Nephrol

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Background/Aims: Epidemiologic studies suggest that cigarette smoke worsens the progression of renal injury in patients with glomerular diseases. The mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. These studies were designed to determine whether nicotine worsens markers of inflammation including glomerular cell proliferation and fibronectin deposition in an in vivomodel of glomerular injury. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with anti-Thy1 antibody and given either tap water or nicotine in the drinking water until sacrifice at day 14. Fibronectin expression was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. COX-2 expression was also determined by Western blot in the kidney cortex of rats treated with nicotine and in cultured human mesangial cells treated with nicotine. Results: Anti-Thy1 antibody administration resulted in a significant increase in the number of cells per glomerulus that was further increased by the administration of nicotine. In nephritic rats, the administration of nicotine significantly increased fibronectin and COX-2 expression. In cultured human mesangial cells we also demonstrated that nicotine increases COX-2 expression and activity and that COX-2 mediates mesangial cell proliferation in response to nicotine. Conclusion: Either in vivo or in vitro treatment with nicotine leads to activation of inflammatory mediators and hallmarks of glomerular injury, which may explain the mechanisms involved in the deleterious effects of cigarette smoking on renal disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine Augments Glomerular Injury in a Rat Model of Acute Nephritis

Jaimes¹,

Tian

Joshi³

et al. 2008

Am J Nephrol

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“…[8] [9] R-ICC by microwave-based method for intraoperative peritoneal washing cytology of pancreatic or biliary carcinoma was previously reported [10]. Recently, the usefulness of R-ICC of cytokeratin in touch print of sentinel lymph nodes for evaluating metastasis of breast cancer has been reported [11] [12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid immunocytochemistry based on alternating current electric field using squash smear preparation of central nervous system tumors

et al. 2015

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The role of intraoperative pathological diagnosis for central nervous system (CNS) tumors is crucial for neurosurgery when determining the surgical procedure. Especially, treatment of Carmustine (BCNU) wafers requires a conclusive diagnosis of high grade glioma (HGG) proven by intraoperative diagnosis. Recently, we demonstrated the usefulness of rapid immunohistochemistry (R-IHC) that facilitates antigen-antibody reaction under alternative current (AC) electric field in the intraoperative diagnosis of CNS tumors; however, a higher proportion of water and lipid in the brain parenchyma sometimes leads to freezing artifacts, resulting in poor quality of frozen sections. On the other hand, squash smear preparation of CNS tumors for cytology does not affect the frozen artifacts, and the importance of smear preparation is now being re-recognized as being better than that of the tissue sections. In this study, we established the rapid immunocytochemistry (R-ICC) protocol for squash smears of CNS tumors using AC electric field that takes only 22 min, and demonstrated its usefulness for semi-quantitative Ki-67/MIB-1 labeling index and CD 20 by R-ICC for intraoperative diagnosis. R-ICC by AC electric field may be a substantial tool for compensating R-IHC in inappropriate frozen sections and will be applied for broad antibodies in future.(195 words) 3

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“…Ideally, the examination should be accurate, fast, and allow tissue preservation for further study in paraffin [4-6]. The most commonly used techniques are squash and frozen section (FS) [6, 7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, FS is more applicable in cases in which performing the squash technique can be difficult, such as lesions that need better evaluation of the architectural aspects and those with firm consistency [6, 7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy of Intraoperative Examination in Central Nervous System Lesions: A Study of 133 Cases

et al. 2019

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Objective: Intraoperative examination is a highly valuable tool for the evaluation of central nervous system (CNS) lesions, helping the neurosurgeon to determine the best surgical management. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and to analyze the diagnostic disagreements and pitfalls of the intraoperative examinations through correlation with the final histopathological diagnosis in CNS lesions. Study Design: Retrospective analysis of intraoperative examination of CNS lesions and their final diagnosis obtained during 16 consecutive years. All diagnoses were reviewed and classified according to World Health Organization (WHO) grading for CNS tumors. Squash was performed in 119 cases, while frozen section and both methods were done in 7 cases each. Results: Among the 133 intraoperative examinations considered, 114 (85.7%) presented concordance and 19 (14.3%) diagnostic disagreement when compared with subsequent histopathological examinations. The sensitivity and specificity for the detection of neoplasia in intraoperative examination was 98 and 94%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 99 and 88%, respectively. The accuracy for neoplastic and nonneoplastic disease was 85.7%. Disagreements were more frequent among low-grade (WHO grades I and II) neoplasms and nonmalignant cases. Conclusions: Our results showed good accuracy of the intraoperative assessments for diagnosis of CNS lesions, particularly in high-grade (grades III and IV) lesions and metastatic neoplasms.

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Intraoperative squash cytology: accuracy and impact on immediate surgical management of central nervous system tumours

Abstract: Squash cytology is a rapid, reliable, simple technique for intraoperative consultation in neurosurgical practice with high overall accuracy. Causes causing an adverse impact on surgical management were rare and potential avoidable reasons for them were identified.

Cited by 33 publications

References 8 publications

Nicotine Augments Glomerular Injury in a Rat Model of Acute Nephritis

Nicotine Augments Glomerular Injury in a Rat Model of Acute Nephritis

Rapid immunocytochemistry based on alternating current electric field using squash smear preparation of central nervous system tumors

Accuracy of Intraoperative Examination in Central Nervous System Lesions: A Study of 133 Cases

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