Intraoperative neurological monitoring

Time–Frequency Analysis of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials for Intraoperative Spinal Cord Monitoring

“…Intrao-perative spinal cord monitoring assesses the functional integrity on the spinal cord for 2 early detection of potential injury, allowing immediate surgical maneuvers before injury becomes 3 irreversible (Hongxuan, et al, 2006, Nash, et al, 1974, Nuwer, 1999. Multi-modality monitoring, 4 the widely used technique in clinical practice, has been considered as a reliable intra-operative 5 spinal cord monitoring technique (DiCindio, et al, 2003, Eggspuehler, et al, 2007, Quraishi, et al, 6 2009).…”

Signal-to-Noise Ratio of Intraoperative Tibial Nerve Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials

“…Oxygen maintained below 1 MAC (between 0.6-1.2%) was used throughout the surgery (Hu et al 2001 In consideration of commonly used optimal band filter for intraoperative SEP monitoring, the raw SEP signals were further filtered at 20-2000Hz (Hongxuan et al 2006). All the SEP signals were acquired and recorded to a computer with 16-bit resolution and sampling rate of 5 kHz.…”

“…This method, while assuming the noise is stationary, seems not applicable in the case of SEP, as EEG, being the major source of noise in SEP, is non-stationary. Another report (Hongxuan et al 2006) calculated the SNR by maximum amplitude ratio between SEP and noise and claimed the SNR of SEP to be about 1:10. However, the maximum amplitude ratio used in this work violates the conventional SNR formulation, which calculates the SNR based on power estimation, and thus, may lead to error.…”