2019
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2019.06.005
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Intraoperative experiments combined with gait analyses indicate that active state rather than passive dominates the spastic gracilis muscle's joint movement limiting effect in cerebral palsy

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Cited by 21 publications
(17 citation statements)
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“…Inter-and extramuscular myofascial force transmission combined is referred to as epimuscular myofascial force transmission [24]. Such force transmission has been shown to occur in human e.g., in cerebral palsy patients as shown by intraoperative experiments [25]. Different authors have proven, through multiple dissections, the anatom-ical relation between gluteus maximus and fascia lata [26], the myofascial continuity in the anterior region of the upper limb, and the tendinous muscular insertions onto the deep fascia of the upper limb [27].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Inter-and extramuscular myofascial force transmission combined is referred to as epimuscular myofascial force transmission [24]. Such force transmission has been shown to occur in human e.g., in cerebral palsy patients as shown by intraoperative experiments [25]. Different authors have proven, through multiple dissections, the anatom-ical relation between gluteus maximus and fascia lata [26], the myofascial continuity in the anterior region of the upper limb, and the tendinous muscular insertions onto the deep fascia of the upper limb [27].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although the latter test was not conducted presently, the findings (i) in contrast, do not show a diminished EMFT in the long term, but judging from the elevated distally directed myofascial loads, and (ii) indicate that intermuscular connective tissue linkages between the TA and the EDL should be stiffer. This issue is relevant because for patients with CP, recent intraoperative experiments show that inter-synergistic EMFT ( Ates et al, 2018b ; Kaya et al, 2018 , 2019 , 2020 ) and also the inter-antagonistic EMFT ( Ates et al, 2014 , 2018b ; Kaya et al, 2019 , 2020 ) cause a significant increase in the force of spastic gracilis and semitendinosus muscles (above 30%, up to 70%). This suggests that the spastic hamstrings capacity to affect the pathological condition in the joint is changed by EMFT.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Muscle mechanics experiments indicate changes in muscle's length-force characteristics in response to altered mechanical conditions within which the target muscle operates: (i) In animal experiments, those changes due to coactivation of synergistic muscles include elevated agonist muscle force amplitude (e.g., by 17%) and shift of muscle's maximal force production to a different length (e.g., by several mm's, yielding an increase in muscles length range of force production by 24%) (Yucesoy et al, 2003a;Yucesoy and Huijing, 2007). (ii) In intraoperative experiments in CP patients, co-activation of synergistic and antagonistic muscles was shown to yield similar effects altering force production of the target spastic muscle compared to that measured after it is activated alone (Ates et al, 2018b;Kaya et al, 2018Kaya et al, , 2019Kaya et al, , 2020. However, previously, EMFT has been shown to be affected by BTX-A exposure in the shortterm (Yucesoy et al, 2015).…”
Section: Btx-a Effects At Large and On Mechanical Interactions Betweementioning
confidence: 98%
“…This may make muscle’s length–force characteristics vary in different conditions. It was shown intraoperatively in patients with cerebral palsy that spastic muscles’ force amplitude can change significantly by co-activating other muscles ( Kaya et al, 2018 , 2019 , 2020 ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%