Intraoperative Cognitive Mapping Tasks for Direct Electrical Stimulation in Clinical and Neuroscientific Contexts

Bu, Linghao; Lu, Junfeng; Zhang, Jie; Wu, Jinsong

doi:10.3389/fnhum.2021.612891

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 79 publications

(131 reference statements)

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“…The incomplete understanding of these networks and their importance to postoperative patient performance status and quality of life makes intraoperative mapping a relatively complex challenge, and likely explains the limited research on the subject [ 121 ]. In addition, EF testing is intricate and time-consuming, which may reduce patient cooperation during the awake portions of their surgery [ 25 , 118 , 122 ].…”

Section: Executive Function—beyond Language and Sensorimotormentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Aspects of Motor and Language Mapping in Glioma Patients

Al-Adli

Young

Sibih

et al. 2023

Cancers

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Gliomas are infiltrative primary brain tumors that often invade functional cortical and subcortical regions, and they mandate individualized brain mapping strategies to avoid postoperative neurological deficits. It is well known that maximal safe resection significantly improves survival, while postoperative deficits minimize the benefits associated with aggressive resections and diminish patients’ quality of life. Although non-invasive imaging tools serve as useful adjuncts, intraoperative stimulation mapping (ISM) is the gold standard for identifying functional cortical and subcortical regions and minimizing morbidity during these challenging resections. Current mapping methods rely on the use of low-frequency and high-frequency stimulation, delivered with monopolar or bipolar probes either directly to the cortical surface or to the subcortical white matter structures. Stimulation effects can be monitored through patient responses during awake mapping procedures and/or with motor-evoked and somatosensory-evoked potentials in patients who are asleep. Depending on the patient’s preoperative status and tumor location and size, neurosurgeons may choose to employ these mapping methods during awake or asleep craniotomies, both of which have their own benefits and challenges. Regardless of which method is used, the goal of intraoperative stimulation is to identify areas of non-functional tissue that can be safely removed to facilitate an approach trajectory to the equator, or center, of the tumor. Recent technological advances have improved ISM’s utility in identifying subcortical structures and minimized the seizure risk associated with cortical stimulation. In this review, we summarize the salient technical aspects of which neurosurgeons should be aware in order to implement intraoperative stimulation mapping effectively and safely during glioma surgery.

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Section: Executive Function—beyond Language and Sensorimotormentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Aspects of Motor and Language Mapping in Glioma Patients

Al-Adli

Young

Sibih

et al. 2023

Cancers

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“…Based on some experience, the maximum duration that patients can stay conscious and complete mapping tasks is about 1 h. During this period there are several task series for IoSM, such as language tasks (the major tasks are number counting and picture naming) and non-language tasks (vision and other higher cognitive functions include calculation, working memory, and music) ( 66 , 67 ). When tumors are near language or motor networks, it is recommended that direct cortical stimulation be used to help preserve function in appropriately selected patients.…”

Section: Intraoperative Stimulation Mapping and Awake Craniotomy Appr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on surgical treatment options in gliomas

Yang

Zhao²,

Zong³

et al. 2023

Front. Oncol.

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Gliomas are one of the most common primary central nervous system tumors, and surgical treatment remains the principal role in the management of any grade of gliomas. In this study, based on the introduction of gliomas, we review the novel surgical techniques and technologies in support of the extent of resection to achieve long-term disease control and summarize the findings on how to keep the balance between cytoreduction and neurological morbidity from a list of literature searched. With modern neurosurgical techniques, gliomas resection can be safely performed with low morbidity and extraordinary long-term functional outcomes.

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“…However, protocols for these other modalities are less wellestablished than language testing. [50][51][52] Traditionally, the LF stimulation paradigm was used for language mapping using a bipolar probe. More recently, HF stimulation through a monopolar probe has been shown to be a safe and effective technique for language mapping in awake patients.…”

Section: Language Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, protocols for these other modalities are less well-established than language testing. 50 51 52…”

Section: Neurophysiological Tests During Intraoperative Stimulation M...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative Stimulation Mapping in Neurosurgery for Anesthesiologists—Part 1: The Technical Nuances

Masohood,

Paquin-Lanthier,

Chui

et al. 2023

J Neuroanaesth Crit Care

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Brain mapping has evolved tremendously in the past decade, fueled by advances in functional neuroimaging technology in neuro-oncology and epilepsy surgery. Despite this, wide anatomic-functional interindividual variability and intraoperative brain shift continue to challenge neurosurgeons performing surgery within or near eloquent brain regions. As such, intraoperative direct cortical and subcortical stimulation mapping remains the gold standard for localizing eloquent brain regions with precision for a safe and tailored resection. Intraoperative stimulation mapping (ISM) allows for maximizing the extent of resection while minimizing postoperative neurological deficits, resulting in better patient outcomes. Understanding the technical nuances of ISM is imperative for the anesthesiologist to provide better anesthetic management tailored to the surgery and stimulation mapping planned. A comprehensive search was performed on electronic databases to identify articles describing intraoperative cortical and subcortical mapping, language, and motor mapping. In the first part of this narrative review, we summarize the salient technical aspects of ISM and the common neurophysiological tasks assessed intraoperatively relevant to the anesthesiologist.

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Intraoperative Cognitive Mapping Tasks for Direct Electrical Stimulation in Clinical and Neuroscientific Contexts

Cited by 10 publications

References 79 publications

Technical Aspects of Motor and Language Mapping in Glioma Patients

Technical Aspects of Motor and Language Mapping in Glioma Patients

A review on surgical treatment options in gliomas

Intraoperative Stimulation Mapping in Neurosurgery for Anesthesiologists—Part 1: The Technical Nuances

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