Intraocular fluid biomarkers (liquid biopsy) in human diabetic retinopathy

Midena, Edoardo; Frizziero, Luisa; Midena, Giulia; Pilotto, Elisabetta

doi:10.1007/s00417-021-05285-y

Cited by 32 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(174 reference statements)

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“…To date, a number of new technologies have been employed to study DR, including metabolomics. For instance, metabolic signatures (biomarkers) of DR discovered by metabolomics have been described in several reviews [67][68][69][70]. In this subsection, we summarize and discuss the application of metabolomics to DR.…”

Section: Diabetic Retinopathy (Dr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in this study, glutamine and glutamic acid were not identified as differential metabolites. With respect to vitreous humor, Midena et al [67] performed a detailed review of aqueous and/or vitreous humor sampling in human eyes from DR patients for proteomic and/or metabolomic analysis. The exact quantification of aqueous and vitreous humor biomarkers can provide valuable insights to retinal diseases and can contribute to precision medicine in ophthalmology.…”

Section: Diabetic Retinopathy (Dr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metabolomics in Retinal Diseases: An Update

Cai

et al. 2021

Biology

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Retinal diseases are a leading cause of visual loss and blindness, affecting a significant proportion of the population worldwide and having a detrimental impact on quality of life, with consequent economic burden. The retina is highly metabolically active, and a number of retinal diseases are associated with metabolic dysfunction. To better understand the pathogenesis underlying such retinopathies, new technology has been developed to elucidate the mechanism behind retinal diseases. Metabolomics is a relatively new “omics” technology, which has developed subsequent to genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. This new technology can provide qualitative and quantitative information about low-molecular-weight metabolites (M.W. < 1500 Da) in a given biological system, which shed light on the physiological or pathological state of a cell or tissue sample at a particular time point. In this article we provide an extensive review of the application of metabolomics to retinal diseases, with focus on age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), glaucoma, and retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

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Section: Diabetic Retinopathy (Dr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diabetic Retinopathy (Dr)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics in Retinal Diseases: An Update

Cai

et al. 2021

Biology

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“…Cytokines can be harvested from serum, tears, aqueous humor (AH) or vitreous humor (VH) [ 4 , 5 ]. It has been shown that concentrations from AH and VH are comparable [ 6 , 7 ], while the serum quantifications might not directly reflect the intraocular changes. For these findings, ocular immune privilege and blood–ocular barrier were incriminated [ 8 , 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aqueous Humor Cytokines in Non-Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives: Cytokines are cell-signaling proteins whose identification may serve as inflammatory markers or early indicators for progressive disease. The aim of our study was to quantify several cytokines in aqueous humor (AH) and their correlations with biochemical parameters in diabetic eyes with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Materials and Methods: A total of 62 eyes from 62 patients were included in the study: 37 eyes from nondiabetic patients (group 1), 13 diabetic eyes with no retinopathy changes (group 2) and 12 diabetic eyes with early and moderate NPDR (group 3). AH samples were collected during uneventful cataract surgery. The cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IP-10, MCP-1, TNF-α and VEGF were quantified using multiplex bead-based immunoassay. Due to unreliable results, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and IL-12 were excluded. Concentrations were compared between groups. Biochemical parameters (fasting blood sugar, glycated hemoglobin, C-reactive protein) and the duration of diabetes were recorded. Results: VEGF levels were significantly different between groups (p = 0.001), while levels of IL-6, IL-8, IP-10 and MCP-1 were comparable across all groups (p > 0.05). IL-6 concentration correlated with VEGF in group 1 (rho = 0.651, p = 0.003) and group 3 (rho = 0.857, p = 0.007); no correlation could be proved between IL-6, IL-8, IP-10, MCP-1 or VEGF and biochemical parameters. Duration of diabetes was not correlated with the cytokine levels in groups 2 and 3. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that VEGF concentrations could discriminate early and moderate NPDR from diabetes, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.897 (p = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.74–1.0). Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus induces significant intraocular changes in the VEGF expression in diabetic patients vs. normal subjects, even before proliferative complications appear. VEGF was increasingly expressed once the diabetes progressed from no retinopathy to early or moderate retinopathy.

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“…However, most OCT devices have a limited imaging range, with the macula and optic disc being the main imaging positions, so peripheral changes may be missed, especially in the early stage of diseases [1,2] . In addition, the detailed disease phenotypes may fail to be detected and distinguished by current sophisticated imaging techniques [3,4] . With the development of precision medicine, including the use of objective quantitative indices and omics methods, an important opportunity has been offered to understand the pathological characteristics and the diagnosis/treatment of ME.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%