Intranasal Insulin Reduces Olfactory Sensitivity in Normosmic Humans

Brünner, Yvonne F.; Benedict, Christian; Freiherr, Jessica

doi:10.1210/jc.2013-2061

Cited by 53 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…reduces odor sensitivity for the nonfood odorant n-butanol in normosmic subjects (25). Thus, at first glance, our finding that acute intranasal insulin (40 I.U.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

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Central Insulin Administration Improves Odor-Cued Reactivation of Spatial Memory in Young Men

Brünner

Kofoet

Benedict

et al. 2015

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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“…reduces odor sensitivity for the nonfood odorant n-butanol in normosmic subjects (25). Thus, at first glance, our finding that acute intranasal insulin (40 I.U.)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…(25). This suggests that human odor processing is sensitive to acute fluctuations of CNS insulin concentration.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Central Insulin Administration Improves Odor-Cued Reactivation of Spatial Memory in Young Men

Brünner

Kofoet

Benedict

et al. 2015

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism

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“…However, intranasal insulin was found to reduce sensitivity to the odorant n-butanol (i.e. increased threshold concentration), but not olfactory discrimination, in normosmic subjects receiving 40 IU of insulin intranasally (zinc concentration not specified; Brünner et al, 2013). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Zinc gluconate toxicity in wild-type vs. MT1/2-deficient mice

2017

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Previous studies have suggested that oral zinc supplementation can help reduce the duration of the common cold; however, the use of intranasal (IN) zinc is strongly associated with anosmia, or the loss of the sense of smell, in humans. Prior studies from this lab showed that upregulation of metallothioneins (MT) is a rapid and robust response to zinc gluconate (ZG). Therefore, we assessed the role of MT in the recovery of nasal epithelial damage resulting from IN zinc administration. The main studies in this investigation used a high dose of ZG (170 mM) to ensure ablation of the olfactory mucosa, so that the progression of histological and functional recovery could be assessed. In vivo studies using wild-type, MT1/2 knockout mice (MT KO), and heterozygotes administered ZG by IN instillation showed profound loss of the olfactory mucosa in the nasal cavity. Recovery was monitored, and a lower percentage of the MT KO mice were able to smell 28 d after treatment; however, no significant difference was observed in the rate of cell proliferation in the basal layer of the olfactory epithelium between MT KO and wild-type mice. A lower concentration of ZG (33 mM), equivalent to that found in homeopathic IN ZG preparations, also caused olfactory epithelial toxicity in mice. These studies suggest that the use of zinc in drug formulations intended for IN administration in humans must be carefully evaluated for their potential to cause olfactory functional deficits.

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“…Here, associations with activity of the fusiform gyrus 50 and further brain areas, including the hippocampus, were detected. 42,50,62 In addition to the effect of insulin on perception, two studies 63,64 have reported that insulin attenuates smelling capacity in humans. Thus, insulin reduces the response to food cues and smelling capacity in lean people, a reac tion that could physiologically regulate eating behaviour in a postprandial state when high insulin levels prevail.…”

Section: Brain Insulin and Cognitive Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired insulin action in the human brain: causes and metabolic consequences

Heni¹,

et al. 2015

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Over the past few years, evidence has accumulated that the human brain is an insulin-sensitive organ. Insulin regulates activity in a limited number of specific brain areas that are important for memory, reward, eating behaviour and the regulation of whole-body metabolism. Accordingly, insulin in the brain modulates cognition, food intake and body weight as well as whole-body glucose, energy and lipid metabolism. However, brain imaging studies have revealed that not everybody responds equally to insulin and that a substantial number of people are brain insulin resistant. In this Review, we provide an overview of the effects of insulin in the brain in humans and the relevance of the effects for physiology. We present emerging evidence for insulin resistance of the human brain. Factors associated with brain insulin resistance such as obesity and increasing age, as well as possible pathogenic factors such as visceral fat, saturated fatty acids, alterations at the blood-brain barrier and certain genetic polymorphisms, are reviewed. In particular, the metabolic consequences of brain insulin resistance are discussed and possible future approaches to overcome brain insulin resistance and thereby prevent or treat obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are outlined.

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Intranasal Insulin Reduces Olfactory Sensitivity in Normosmic Humans

Cited by 53 publications

References 24 publications

Central Insulin Administration Improves Odor-Cued Reactivation of Spatial Memory in Young Men

Central Insulin Administration Improves Odor-Cued Reactivation of Spatial Memory in Young Men

Zinc gluconate toxicity in wild-type vs. MT1/2-deficient mice

Impaired insulin action in the human brain: causes and metabolic consequences

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