Intranasal application of glucocorticoid alleviates olfactory dysfunction in mice with allergic rhinitis

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of glucocorticoid intervention on olfactory dysfunction in mice with allergic rhinitis (AR). An AR animal model was established by intraperitoneal injection and intranasal application of ovalbumin to mice. The olfactory function of the mice was evaluated using a buried food test, and morphological changes in the nasal mucosa were determined using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The expression of olfactory marker protein (OMP) in the olfactory mucosa was tested by immunohistochemistry, and was observed on days 7 and 14 after the application of glucocorticoid. The incidence rate of olfactory dysfunction in AR mice was 75.34%, and the olfactory epithelium became thinner in mice with AR compared to the control group. In addition, the expression of OMP in the olfactory epithelium was downregulated in mice with AR compared with the control group. Expression of OMP in the olfactory epithelium was upregulated in the budesonide group A and betamethasone group A compared with the medicine-free group, whereas the expression of OMP in the olfactory epithelium of budesonide group A or betamethasone group A was not significantly different from the control group. Moreover, the expression of OMP in the budesonide group B was similar to budesonide group A, and expression of OMP in betamethasone group B was similar to betamethasone group A. The expression of OMP in olfactory mucosa is downregulated in AR mice with olfactory dysfunction. Following the application of glucocorticoid, the expression of OMP in the olfactory mucosa in mice is upregulated. Moreover, intranasal local glucocorticoid has a low incidence of systemic adverse reactions, and is recommended for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction in AR.

Shufengjiedu capsules protect against neuronal loss in olfactory epithelium and lung injury by enhancing autophagy in rats with allergic rhinitis

“…OVA is mainly used as an allergen to create animal models of AR (21). In the current study, however, OVAinduced AR produced pathological changes in rats not only in olfactory tissue but also in the lungs (Figure 2A-C).…”

“…A previously reported protocol was followed to create an animal model of AR (21). The experiment timeline is shown in Figure 1A.…”

“…In order to detect the effects of SFJDCs on these symptoms, an experiment was performed along the timeline shown in Figure Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Moreover, combined symptom and behavior scoring was used to evaluate the model (21). Serum levels of cytokines were measured using ELISA performed with commercially available kits.…”

Using high-throughput metabolomics to discover perturbed metabolic pathways and biomarkers of allergic rhinitis as potential targets to reveal the effects and mechanism of geniposide

“…BALB/c mice are commonly used for monoclonal antibodies and immunological studies due to their good production performance, long breeding period, general lack of invasive habits and relative ease of breeding. 18,19 Currently, the two most common allergens used are OVA and TDI. 20 TDI has a strong non-specic stimulatory effect and, as a toxic low-molecular chemical agent, poses certain hazards to personnel while being handled, while OVA does not display these drawbacks and has been successfully used in many studies.…”

Activation of Dopamine D2 Receptor Alleviates Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Injury in Mice Model of Allergic Rhinitis With Olfactory Dysfunction

“…WDRM 20190419). The AR model with OD was established as described previously [21]. On days 0, 7, and 14, 300 µL PBS containing 50 µg OVA (grade V; Sigma) and 1 mg of aluminum hydroxide was administered by intraperitoneal injection for sensitization.…”