Intramuscular administration of alfaxalone in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) – effects of dose and body temperature

Kischinovsky, Michelle; Duse, Anna; Wang, Tobias; Bertelsen, Mads F.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00745.x

Cited by 67 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, the drug has been clinically effective when used IM in cats, wild rabbits, red-eared sliders, iguanas, and bullfrogs. 5,6 The prolonged duration of action in the 10 mg/ kg group was also surprising. Koi carp administered alfaxalone by immersion had a relatively short induction time, with a median of 5.2 min at 1 mg/L and 6.3 min at 2.5 mg/L, as well as a short recovery time, with a median of 11.8 min at 1 mg/ L and 26.4 min at 2.5 mg/L.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Increasing temperature also increases metabolism and decreases duration of effect of alfaxalone and Saffan in teleost fish and red-eared sliders. 5,12 This study was performed in a climate-controlled facility that had air and water temperatures matching the study where alfaxalone was administered by immersion, so it is unlikely that differences in metabolism based on temperature are explanatory.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7,8 Although alfaxalone is marketed for IV use, it also works as an intramuscular injectable agent in both mammalian and non-mammalian species, including iguanas, turtles, bullfrogs, rabbits, rodents, and ferrets. 1,[4][5][6] While immersion anesthesia is practical for smaller fish, it is not always feasible in fish that are not easily isolated, or are too large to induce via immersion. Similarly, intravenous access is not always practical or possible, and intramuscular injection would also be easier for a wider population of veterinarians and personnel to institute as a drug delivery method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ALFAXALONE AS AN INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTABLE ANESTHETIC IN KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)

Bailey¹,

Minter²,

Lewbart³

et al. 2014

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

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Fish are commonly anesthetized with MS-222 (tricaine methanesulfonate), a sodium-channel-blocker used as an immersion anesthetic, but its mechanism of action as a general anesthetic is uncertain. Alfaxalone is a neurosteroid that acts at the GABA(A) receptors. Alfaxalone has been evaluated and was deemed successful as an immersion agent in koi carp. Alfaxalone is an effective intramuscular anesthetic in multiple species. A reliable intramuscular anesthetic in fish would be useful in multiple settings. The purpose of this study was to investigate alfaxalone as an intramuscular injectable anesthetic agent in koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). Eight koi carp were utilized in a crossover design. In each trial, six fish received 1 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, or 10mg/kg of alfaxalone intramuscularly. They were assessed every 15 min for opercular rate and sedation score. The sedation score was based on a visual scale from 0 to 5, 0 indicating no response and 5 indicating absent righting reflex and anesthesia. Anesthetized koi were placed on a fish anesthesia delivery system (FADS). Time to anesthesia/recovery was recorded and heart rate was recorded every 15 min. Anesthesia was achieved in 0/6, 1/6, and 5/6 fish at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Duration of anesthesia for one fish at 5 mg/kg was 2 hr. At 10 mg/kg, median anesthesia duration was 6.5 (3-10) hr. At 10 mg/kg, prolonged apnea (2-3 hr) was observed in 3/6 fish, 2/3 died under anesthesia, and 1/3 recovered 10 hr post-injection. Median peak sedation scores were 1.5, 2.5, and 5, at 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, respectively. A dosage of 10 mg/kg alfaxalone resulted in 33% mortality. The duration of anesthesia and opercular rate were unpredictable. Due to variation in response despite consistent conditions, as well as risk of mortality, intramuscular alfaxalone cannot be recommended for anesthesia in koi carp.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

ALFAXALONE AS AN INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTABLE ANESTHETIC IN KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)

Bailey¹,

Minter²,

Lewbart³

et al. 2014

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…12 A number of reports have since been published describing the use of alfaxalone in reptiles. [120][121][122] Alfaxalone is currently a preferred induction agent, when available, and should be used together with analgesic agents and followed by endotracheal intubation, positive pressure ventilation, and gas anesthesia.…”

Section: Analgesic and Anesthetic Agents ______mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Reptile Clinical Therapeutics

Gibbons¹

2014

Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine

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“…Alfaxalone has been tested in reptiles mainly by intramuscular route (Bertelsen and Sauer 2011, Knotek and others 2011b, Shepard and others 2011, Kischinowsky and others 2013), where high dosages were required to obtain anaesthetic effects. In the few published studies conducted on the intravenous administration of alfaxalone in reptiles there is a variation in recommended dose rates and degree of anaesthetic monitoring.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alfaxalone as an induction agent for anaesthesia in terrapins and tortoises

Knotek

2014

Veterinary Record

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The aim of this study was to evaluate short-term intravenous anaesthesia with alfaxalone in chelonians. In the first part of the study, alfaxalone at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg was administered intravenously to 10 adult female red-eared terrapins (Trachemys scripta elegans) following 24 hours of fasting. The induction time, tracheal tube insertion time, surgical plane of anaesthesia interval, and full recovery time were recorded. The head, neck and leg withdrawal reflex was lost within 21.09±8.07 seconds. The mean tracheal tube insertion time, the time of surgical plane of anaesthesia and full recovery time were 27.50±12.96 seconds, 26.40±4.72 minutes and 33.70±4.76 minutes, respectively. In the second part of the study, 50 chelonians (20 red-eared terrapins, 10 Hermann's tortoises, eight spur-thighed tortoises, six marginated tortoises and six Russian tortoises) were treated intravenously with 5 mg/kg alfaxalone after administration of 1 mg/kg meloxicam and 2 mg/kg butorphanol intramuscularly. The head, neck and leg withdrawal reflex was lost within 21.52±6.57 seconds, the endotracheal tube could be inserted within 25.76±8.24 seconds, and the time to deep pain sensation loss was 29.46±9.67 seconds. Intravenous use of alfaxalone proved to be a suitable method of induction for inhalation anaesthesia in terrapins and tortoises.

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Intramuscular administration of alfaxalone in red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) – effects of dose and body temperature

Cited by 67 publications

References 18 publications

ALFAXALONE AS AN INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTABLE ANESTHETIC IN KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)

ALFAXALONE AS AN INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTABLE ANESTHETIC IN KOI CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO)

Advances in Reptile Clinical Therapeutics

Alfaxalone as an induction agent for anaesthesia in terrapins and tortoises

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