Intramedullary spinal cord metastases: current state of the problem

Abstract

Intramedullary metastases are a rather rare manifestation of the underlying cancer. Their presence indicates an unfavorable prognosis and leads to a noticeable decrease in the quality of life. The absence of pathognomonic symptoms prevents the rapid and accurate identification of this pathology, which leads to a late diagnosis. The main methods of treating spinal metastases include surgical treatment; radiation and chemotherapy; steroid therapy. Refining diagnostic algorithms and optimizing protocols for managing patients with intramedullary metastases can help play a role in improving overall prognosis and patient survival. The review covers the epidemiology, the mechanisms of metastasis, the clinical picture, modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of intramedullary metastases, as well as the outcomes of this pathology. The main methods of treatment of spinal metastases include surgical treatment; radiation and chemotherapy; steroid therapy.