Intramedullary Nail on the Humeral Fracture

Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow

Kang

et al. 2015

Background: Our aim was to make a comparative analysis of radiological and clinical outcomes of using either one or two interlocking distal screws on a Polarus intramedullary nail for the internal fixation of humeral shaft fractures. Methods: From January 2008 to March 2014, we enrolled 26 patients with humeral shaft fractures who were operated on using intramedullary nails. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to how many interlocking distal screws were used to lock the Polarus nail: in group 1, a single interlocking distal screw was used in 12 patients; and in group 2, double interlocking distal screws, in 14 patients. We compared the degree of recovery of the displaced fracture fragments between the two groups. To compare the nonunion and shoulder function, we assessed each patient's modified American Shoulder and Elbow Surgerns (ASES) score. Results: We found that 10 of 12 fractures achieved union in group 1, and 13 of 14 fractures, in group 2. We did not find a meaningful difference in the time to bone union between the two groups. The percentage of recovery of displaced fracture fragments until union was 66.9% for group 1 and 59.41% for group 2. At the final follow-up, we found that the scores for shoulder joint modified ASES was 78.7 for group 1 and 80.7 for group 2. Conclusions: Our results show that if locked appropriately, even a single screw on a Polarus nail can provide satisfactory radiological union and improved clinical outcome after intramedullary nailing of humeral shaft fractures.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the Use of Single and Double Interlocking Distal Screws on a Polarus Intramedullary Nail for Humeral Shaft Fractures

Yang¹,

Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow

Kang

et al. 2015

“…Scheme depicts the preparation of desired substituted chloropyridazine derivatives. We previously reported the synthesis of 3‐allylthio‐6‐chloropyridazine in 95% yield through allylthiolation . All 3‐alkoxy‐6‐chloropyridazines 3b–3d and 3‐alkylthio‐6‐chloropyridazines 4b–4e were prepared following the synthetic methods of existing literature .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The alkoxypyridazines 3b–3d and alkylthiopyridazines 4b–4d were synthesized from 1 through alkoxylation (or alkylthiolation) using a modification on previously reported methods …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Antiproliferative Activities of Chloropyridazine Derivatives Retain Alkylsulfonyl Moiety

Bulletin Korean Chem Soc

Park

2016

Some chloropyridazine derivatives have shown interesting pharmacodynamics properties in terms of antioxidant 1 and anti-human rotavirus (HRV) activities ( Figure 1). 2,3 To date, however, no study has evaluated the antiproliferative effects of chloropyridazines in other types of human cancer cells.Therefore, the replacement of the heterocycle of chloropyridazines by heteroatoms (or moieties) such as oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium (Se), sulfinyl (SO), and sulfonyl (SO 2 ) yields the target compounds ( Figure 1). We designed substituted 3-chloropyridazine derivatives as possible antitumor candidates. These derivatives have three basic structures, namely chloropyridazine region, heteroatoms, and alkyl chain. We made an examination of antiproliferative activities for target chloropyridazines of five groups against breast cancer (MCF-7) and hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B) cells in Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assays. As a result, we describe herein the preparation of some chloropyridazine derivatives and the refinement of potential proliferative inhibitors on human cancer cell lines.The chloropyridazines were obtained mostly through the substitution reaction. Scheme 1 depicts the preparation of desired substituted chloropyridazine derivatives. We previously reported the synthesis of 3-allylthio-6chloropyridazine in 95% yield through allylthiolation. 4 All 3-alkoxy-6-chloropyridazines 3b-3d and 3-alkylthio-6-chloropyridazines 4b-4e were prepared following the synthetic methods of existing literature. 5,6 The intermediate dichloropyridazinyl diselenide 2 was obtainable from the corresponding 3,6-dichloropyridazine 1 by reaction with sodium diselenide. 7 A synthetic pathway for dipyridyl diselenide has been developed 7,8 and the synthesis of substituted dipyridazinyl diselenide has been reported. 9 We applied a general method of preparing diaryl (or dialkyl) diselenide from diaryl (or dialkyl) halides and sodium diselenide. 10-12 A series of alkylselenylpyridazines 5b-5f was prepared by Se-Se bond cleavage and Se-alkylation.Treatment of alkylthiopyridazines 4a-4e with 35% hydrogen peroxide afforded corresponding alkylsulfinylchloropyridazine 6a-6e and alkylsulfonylchloropyridazine 7a-7e. Target 6a-6e and 7a-7e were synthesized as illustrated in Scheme 1. Figure 1. Bioactive chloropyridazines and target chloropyridazines. Scheme 1. Synthetic routes for target chloropyridazine analogues.

Minimally Invasive Anterior Plating of Humeral Shaft Fractures

Lee

et al. 2011

J Korean Fract Soc

Purpose:We evaluated the efficacy and results of minimally invasive anterior plating for humeral shaft fracture. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two cases of humeral shaft fracture were reviewed, including 8 cases of type A, 8 of type B and 6 of type C (AO/OTA classification). There were three open fractures. The fracture was fixed with MIPO (minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis) technique under C-arm guide. A locking compression plate was located in anterior aspect of the humerus with at least three screws fixed in each fragment. Radiologic and functional results were evaluated. Results: In 20 of 22 cases, bony union was achieved with the mean period of 17.5 weeks, including 2 cases of delayed union. There were 2 cases of nonunion, which needed the further operative procedure. Except one case of distal 1/3 fracture, all cases showed satisfactory elbow and shoulder function with the mean Mayo elbow score of 17.4 and mean UCLA shoulder score of 97.3. In complication, there was one case of radial nerve palsy due to improper traction, but it was completely improved after 3 months. Otherwise, there was no complication including infection. Conclusion: Anterior MIPO for humeral shaft fracture may be another option of operative methods with high union and low complication rate.