Intramammary inoculation of Panax ginseng plays an immunoprotective role in Staphylococcus aureus infection in a murine model

Silvestrini, Paula; Beccaría, Camila; Pereyra, Elizabet Amanda Lorena; Renna, María Sol; Ortega, Hugo Héctor; Calvinho, Luis Fernando; Dallard, Bibiana Elisabet; Baravalle, Celina

doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.05.010

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The bacteria could be recovered from mammary glands over the time. Silvestrini et al () reported that the number of Staphylococcus aureus strain Newbould 305 (ATCC 29740) recovered from the mammary gland increased at 24 h post‐inoculation and a strong decrease in the bacterial load was reported at 48 h, followed by a slight increase at 72 h post‐inoculation. Rowson et al () and Forsberg et al () developed a murine mastitis model of Streptococcus uberis using CD‐1 mice and reported that the pathogen was able to colonize the mammary gland after the intramammary inoculation with 50 CFU ml −1 at 48 h post‐infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Enterococcus faecium strain in a murine mastitis model

et al. 2020

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Aim The aim of the study was to characterize phenotypically and genotypically Enterococcus faecium strains collected from bovine mastitis milk and to evaluate one of them for its virulence in a murine mastitis model. Methods and Results A total of five E. faecium isolates were collected from cows with subclinical mastitis. EF‐7A showed resistance to antibiotics tested, it presented alpha haemolysin and did not present gelatinase activity. It yielded cyA, efafm and gelE1 genes and it could be characterized as a moderate biofilm producer. It was able to internalize in MAC‐T cells and 1×108 colony forming unit ml‐1 was able to establish an intramammary infection in mice. The strain could be recovered from liver, kidney and blood samples. RAPD profiles showed different bands with respect to the inoculated strain. Histopathology analyses showed different grades of polymorphonuclear neutrophils infiltration in mammary glands. Conclusion This is the first report that studied E. faecium strain in a lactating mouse model of mastitis and showed that the experimental inoculation was able to stimulate an inflammatory response resulting in mastitis. Results contribute to a better understanding of intramammary infections caused by E. faecium. Significance and Impact of the Study This investigation shows that mice represent a valuable model for the study of the mastitis pathogenesis caused by E. faecium considering the high costs of using cows for mastitis research.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Enterococcus faecium strain in a murine mastitis model

et al. 2020

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“…Ginseng suppresses a portion of the TNF-α-inducible cytokines and signaling proteins in promonocytic cells and exerts its anti-inflammatory activity by targeting different levels of the TNF-α signaling pathways [ 22 ]. Studies conducted on animals have shown that ginseng provokes a robust immune response that protects against bacterial and viral infections [ 23 , 24 , 25 ]. Ginseng induces the dissolution and dispersion of mature biofilms and also represses biofilm development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Efficacy of Ginseng against Respiratory Tract Infections

et al. 2021

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Respiratory tract infections are underestimated, as they are mild and generally not incapacitating. In clinical medicine, however, these infections are considered a prevalent problem. By 2030, the third most comprehensive reason for death worldwide will be chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), according to the World Health Organization. The current arsenal of anti-inflammatory drugs shows little or no benefits against COPD. For thousands of years, herbal drugs have been used to cure numerous illnesses; they exhibit promising results and enhance physical performance. Ginseng is one such herbal medicine, known to alleviate pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines (IL-2, IL-4, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8) formed by macrophages and epithelial cells. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of ginsenoside are still not fully understood. Various clinical trials of ginseng have exhibited a reduction of repeated colds and the flu. In this review, ginseng’s structural features, the pathogenicity of microbial infections, and the immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anti-bacterial effects of ginseng were discussed. The focus was on the latest animal studies and human clinical trials that corroborate ginseng’s role as a therapy for treating respiratory tract infections. The article concluded with future directions and significant challenges. This review would be a valuable addition to the knowledge base for researchers in understanding the promising role of ginseng in treating respiratory tract infections. Further analysis needs to be re-focused on clinical trials to study ginseng’s efficacy and safety in treating pathogenic infections and in determining ginseng-drug interactions.

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“…Regulating the natural defense mechanisms of the mammary gland and/or MECs to reduce the risk or degree of infection may be useful in controlling various udder pathogens and intracellular infections. It has been reported that Panax ginseng extract is able to trigger an adequate immune response demonstrating its protective effect and potential for preventing bovine intramammary infection with Staphylococcus aureus ( S. aureus ) (7). Helenalin reduces S. aureus intracellular growth and experimental S. aureus infection through the inhibition of inflammatory factors secretion (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taurine Attenuates Streptococcus uberis-Induced Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Inflammation via Phosphoinositides/Ca2+ Signaling

et al. 2019

Front. Immunol.

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Taurine may alleviate the inflammatory injury induced by Streptococcus uberis ( S. uberis ) infection by regulating intracellular Ca 2+ levels. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Infection leads to subversion of phosphoinositides (PIs) which are closely related to Ca 2+ signaling. In order to investigate whether taurine regulates inflammation by means of PIs/ Ca 2+ systems, competitive inhibitors of taurine (β-alanine) siTauT, siPAT1, siPLC, siCaN, siPKC, and inhibitors of PLC (U73122), PKC (RO31-8220), and CaN (FK 506) were used. The results indicate that taurine transfers the extracellular nutrient signal for intercellular innate immunity to phosphoinositides without a need to enter the cytoplasm while regulating intracellular Ca 2+ levels during inflammation. Both the Ca 2+ -PKCα-NF-κB, and Ca 2+ -CaM-CaN-NFAT signaling pathways of S. uberis infection and the regulatory roles of taurine follow activation of PIs/Ca 2+ systems. These data increase our understanding on the mechanisms of multifunctional nutrient, taurine attenuated inflammatory responses caused by S. uberis infection, and provide theoretical support for the prevention of this disease.

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Intramammary inoculation of Panax ginseng plays an immunoprotective role in Staphylococcus aureus infection in a murine model

Cited by 20 publications

References 50 publications

Characterization of an Enterococcus faecium strain in a murine mastitis model

Characterization of an Enterococcus faecium strain in a murine mastitis model

Pharmacological Efficacy of Ginseng against Respiratory Tract Infections

Taurine Attenuates Streptococcus uberis-Induced Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells Inflammation via Phosphoinositides/Ca2+ Signaling

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