Intraluminal crystalloids are highly associated with prostatic adenocarcinoma on concurrent biopsy specimens

Svatek, Robert S.; Karam, Jose A.; Rogers, T.; Shulman, Michael J.; Margulis, Vitaly; Benaim, Elie A.

doi:10.1038/sj.pcan.4500954

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…More frequent ejaculation may influence the function of peripheral-zone epithelial cells, hindering the metabolic switch from citrate secretion to citrate oxidation known to occur early in prostate tumorigenesis [33]. Alternatively, more frequent ejaculation may reduce the development of prostatic intraluminal crystalloids, which have been associated with higher risk of PCa [34,35]. Higher ejaculatory frequency may be linked to lowering of psychological tension and central sympathetic nervous system suppression, which could dampen the stimulation of prostate epithelial cell division [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ejaculation Frequency and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Updated Results with an Additional Decade of Follow-up

et al. 2016

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Background Evidence suggests that ejaculation frequency may be inversely related to the risk of prostate cancer (PCa), a disease for which few modifiable risk factors have been identified. Objective To incorporate an additional 10 yr of follow-up into an original analysis and to comprehensively evaluate the association between ejaculation frequency and PCa, accounting for screening, clinically relevant disease subgroups, and the impact of mortality from other causes. Design, setting, and participants A prospective cohort study of participants in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study utilizing self-reported data on average monthly ejaculation frequency. The study includes 31 925 men who answered questions on ejaculation frequency on a 1992 questionnaire and followed through to 2010. The average monthly ejaculation frequency was assessed at three time points: age 20–29 yr, age 40–49 yr, and the year before questionnaire distribution. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Incidence of total PCa and clinically relevant disease subgroups. Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results and limitations During 480 831 person-years, 3839 men were diagnosed with PCa. Ejaculation frequency at age 40–49 yr was positively associated with age-standardized body mass index, physical activity, divorce, history of sexually transmitted infections, and consumption of total calories and alcohol. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test utilization by 2008, number of PSA tests, and frequency of prostate biopsy were similar across frequency categories. In multivariable analyses, the hazard ratio for PCa incidence for ≥21 compared to 4–7 ejaculations per month was 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.72–0.92; p < 0.0001 for trend) for frequency at age 20–29 yr and 0.78 (95% CI 0.69–0.89; p < 0.0001 for trend) for frequency at age 40–49 yr. Associations were driven by low-risk disease, were similar when restricted to a PSA-screened cohort, and were unlikely to be explained by competing causes of death. Conclusions These findings provide additional evidence of a beneficial role of more frequent ejaculation throughout adult life in the etiology of PCa, particularly for low-risk disease. Patient summary We evaluated whether ejaculation frequency throughout adulthood is related to prostate cancer risk in a large US-based study. We found that men reporting higher compared to lower ejaculatory frequency in adulthood were less likely to be subsequently diagnosed with prostate cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ejaculation Frequency and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Updated Results with an Additional Decade of Follow-up

et al. 2016

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“…This metabolic switch is known to occur early in prostate tumorigenesis [334]. Finally, the higher ejaculatory frequency may reduce the development of prostatic intraluminal crystalloids, which have been associated with a higher risk of prostate cancer [335, 336]. More frequent ejaculation is thought to help to lower psychological tension and favors central sympathetic nervous system suppression, which could dampen the stimulation of prostate epithelial cell division [337].…”

Section: Etiology and Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer

2019

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Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer may be asymptomatic at the early stage and often has an indolent course that may require only active surveillance. Based on GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates, 1,276,106 new cases of prostate cancer were reported worldwide in 2018, with higher prevalence in the developed countries. Differences in the incidence rates worldwide reflect differences in the use of diagnostic testing. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are strongly related to the age with the highest incidence being seen in elderly men (> 65 years of age). African-American men have the highest incidence rates and more aggressive type of prostate cancer compared to White men. There is no evidence yet on how to prevent prostate cancer; however, it is possible to lower the risk by limiting high-fat foods, increasing the intake of vegetables and fruits and performing more exercise. Screening is highly recommended at age 45 for men with familial history and African-American men. Up-to-date statistics on prostate cancer occurrence and outcomes along with a better understanding of the etiology and causative risk factors are essential for the primary prevention of this disease.

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“…Von Hammen further stresses the fact of causing no damage to the sphincter. The crystals, visible under the microscope, confirm the change as having its origin in the prostate while at the same time hinting at the possibility of an early stage of or of fully developed prostate cancer [14][15][16]. In rare cases such crystals may be observed in benign tumors.…”

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confidence: 61%

The history of calculus mendax and the following surgery on the prostate

Szarszewski

Gulczyński

2014

The Prostate

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In this paper we would like to present probably the first surgery performed on the prostate gland followed by microscopic analysis of the obtained tumor tissue sample. We based on the existing correspondence between Ludwig von Hammen and Johann N. Pechlin, and their successors in this field as well. Von Hammen seems to be a pioneer in the area of not only urological surgery but in directing this part of medical practice from "lithotomists" to physicians, much better educated than barbers in physiology but first of all in anatomy. This 17th century physician from Gdansk tried to set new standards both for surgical medical practice but histopathological examination of the excised material as well. Due to the change of the operational skills and procedures von Hammen's work got almost forgotten, but remains remembered due to the work of historians of the medicine from following centuries.

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Intraluminal crystalloids are highly associated with prostatic adenocarcinoma on concurrent biopsy specimens

Cited by 12 publications

References 19 publications

Ejaculation Frequency and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Updated Results with an Additional Decade of Follow-up

Ejaculation Frequency and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Updated Results with an Additional Decade of Follow-up

Epidemiology of Prostate Cancer

The history of calculus mendax and the following surgery on the prostate

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