Intraluminal bioavailability of divalent cations

Alpers, David H.

doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e32835d9f8e

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…However, in normal as well as in many pathologic conditions, the gastrointestinal tract is the major site of zinc losses resulting from the secretion of endogenous zinc into the lumen and subsequent excretion in the faeces [44]. Zinc is primarily absorbed by a saturable process in the proximal small bowel but also more distally through entero-enteric reabsorption that diminishes losses [75]. Two generalized dietary patterns are major factors in the aetiology of dietary zinc deficiency; one in which the inhibition of absorption predominates and bioavailability is the issue and the other in which the zinc content of the diet is deficient [76].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Nutritional Status in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

et al. 2019

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Background: Zinc is an essential nutrient for all forms of life and its deficiency affects the normal growth and development of human beings. Objective: The main aim was to investigate zinc nutritional status by serum zinc concentration (SZC) and dietary zinc intake and their association in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in CF patients. Anthropometric measurements and respiratory and pancreatic tests were conducted. Hypozincemia was determined by SZC while using atomic absorption spectrophotometry and dietary zinc deficiency by prospective 72-h dietary surveys. Results: Mean SZC (87.2 ± 16.7 μg/dL) and dietary zinc intake (97 ± 26.9% Dietary Reference Intake) were normal. Three of 17 patients with CF (17.6%) had hypozincemia and four (23.5%) had a dietary zinc deficiency. No patient with dietary zinc deficiency had hypozincemia. A positive and significant association was observed between SZC and Z-score of BMI-for-age (p = 0.048) and weight-for-height (p = 0.012) and between dietary zinc intake and energy intake (EI, p = 0.036) and Z-score of weight-for-high (p = 0.029). Conclusion: SZC was associated with the nutritional status, expressed as BMI (Body Mass Index) and weight-for-height Z score, and dietary zinc intake with EI and weight-for-height Z-score. No patient with hypozincemia had dietary zinc deficiency. This situation should alert us to a marginal zinc deficiency and it may explain why there were no overlapping cases between the two groups. We suggest that probably 41% of the cases in this study would be at elevated risk of zinc deficiency and a zinc supplementation may be considered.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zinc Nutritional Status in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

et al. 2019

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“…Nutrients that notably enhance the absorption of Ca are lactose and vitamin D 3 . Conversely, it is important to be mindful of foods high in fibre and phosphorus, oxalic acid, and phytic acid, as they can hinder calcium absorption [83,[99][100][101]. When considering supplementation, suitable forms are calcium carbonate, citrate, and gluconate [97,101,102].…”

Section: Micronutrient Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): Nutritional Management

Grabia,

Perkowski,

Socha

et al. 2024

Nutrients

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The female athlete triad (TRIAD) is a spectrum of disorders involving low energy availability (LEA), low bone mineral density, and menstrual disorders. It is increasingly common to use the term ‘relative energy deficiency in sport’ (RED), emphasising the extensive impact of LEA on the body. The aim of this narrative review was to gather original research encompassing female athletes across various sports as well as to collect findings on the potential of a nutrition-focused approach to prevent or treat the aforementioned disorders. A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus. Several challenges were identified regarding the adequacy of the energy availability, protein, and carbohydrate requirements in the diets of female athletes. Moreover, insufficient intake of vitamin D has been observed across all athlete groups studied. This insufficiency also extends to the average requirement for Ca, Mg, the Ca/P ratio, Zn, and Fe. To address those concerns, a nutritional approach is proposed in the latter part of this review. The factors that can improve the absorption of micronutrients have also been discussed. The TRIAD/REDs affect an ever-growing number of women and require appropriate therapeutic management, particularly through nutritional care. Therefore, cooperation within an interdisciplinary team comprising a physician, nutritionist, physiotherapist, and psychologist is crucial.

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“…The major organ system of zinc exchange with the environment is the gut (18, 19). Zinc is primarily absorbed by a saturable process in the proximal small bowel but also more distally through entero-enteric reabsorption that diminishes losses (20). The amount of zinc ingested and the quantity of phytate in the diet are the major determinants of absorption efficacy.…”

Section: Zinc Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The state of luminal zinc is complex, and the dynamic exchange between any free or bound luminal zinc and zinc transporters regulating uptake has received relatively little attention (20). Furthermore, dietary phytate is the major inhibitory luminal ligand and is present at amounts 10- to 30-fold higher (mole for mole) than zinc (59).…”

Section: Zinc Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Explanations could include the chemical nature of endogenous zinc (the state of hydration may vary considerably between elemental zinc and zinc salts), compartmentalization within the lumen, or protection by endogenous ligands (zinc is bound to protein by amino acid ligands, usually histidine, and water molecules are often involved) (20). …”

Section: Zinc Nutritionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zinc deficiency in children with environmental enteropathy—development of new strategies: report from an expert workshop

Young¹,

Mortimer²,

Gopalsamy³

et al. 2014

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Zinc deficiency is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. The WHO/UNICEF strategy for zinc supplementation as adjunctive therapy for diarrhea is poorly implemented. A conference of experts in zinc nutrition and gastrointestinal disorders was convened to consider approaches that might complement the current recommendation and what research was needed to develop these approaches. Several key points were identified. The design of novel zinc interventions would be facilitated by a better understanding of how disturbed gut function, such as environmental (or tropical) enteropathy, affects zinc absorption, losses, and homeostasis. Because only 10% of zinc stores are able to be rapidly turned over, and appear to be rapidly depleted by acute intestinal illness, they are probably best maintained by complementary regular supplementation in a primary prevention strategy rather than secondary prevention triggered by acute diarrhea. The assessment of zinc status is challenging and complex without simple, validated measures to facilitate field testing of novel interventions. Zinc bioavailability may be a crucial factor in the success of primary prevention strategies, and a range of options, all still inadequately explored, might be valuable in improving zinc nutrition. Some therapeutic actions of zinc on diarrhea seem attributable to pharmacologic effects, whereas others are related to the reversal of deficiency (ie, nutritional). The distinction between these 2 mechanisms cannot be clarified given the insensitivity of serum zinc to identify subclinical deficiency states. Why zinc seems to be less effective than expected at all ages, and ineffective for secondary prevention of diarrhea in children <12 mo of age, remains unclear. It was concluded that a reframing of the current recommendation is warranted with consideration of how to better optimize and deliver zinc and whether to provide a complementary public health primary prevention zinc strategy. This requires careful consideration of the zinc product to be used as well as strategies for its delivery.

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Intraluminal bioavailability of divalent cations

Cited by 3 publications

References 51 publications

Zinc Nutritional Status in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Zinc Nutritional Status in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

Female Athlete Triad and Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs): Nutritional Management

Zinc deficiency in children with environmental enteropathy—development of new strategies: report from an expert workshop

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