Intralingual naloxone reversal of morphine-induced respiratory depression in dogs

Maio, Ronald F.; Griener, James C.; Clark, Michael R.; Gifford, Gregory; Wiegenstein, John G.

doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(84)80328-5

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Naloxone has also been shown to be absorbed well from the tongue in dogs (Maio et al, 1984). In contrast, larger doses were required to normalize histamine-induced hypotension in dogs when adrenaline was given intralingually compared to intravenously (Halpern et al, 1978); however, localized pressor effects of the adrenaline may have reduced the systemic absorption of itself (Yagiela et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, in a study of 10 beagles, seizures induced by intravenous infusions of lidocaine were stopped by intravenous, intralingual and intramuscular (deltoid) administration of the same bolus dose of pentobarbitone in 27–39, 50–72 and 194–220 s respectively (Cutright & Nichols Jr, 1972). Naloxone has also been shown to be absorbed well from the tongue in dogs (Maio et al, 1984). In contrast, larger doses were required to normalize histamine‐induced hypotension in dogs when adrenaline was given intralingually compared to intravenously (Halpern et al, 1978); however, localized pressor effects of the adrenaline may have reduced the systemic absorption of itself (Yagiela et al, 1982).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of doxapram on survival and APGAR score in newborn puppies delivered by elective caesarean: A randomized controlled trial

Hyndman,

Fretwell,

Bowden

et al. 2023

Vet Pharm & Therapeutics

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Doxapram is marketed as a respiratory stimulant and is used by some veterinarians to help with neonatal apnoea, especially in puppies delivered by caesarean. There is a lack of consensus as to whether the drug is effective and data on its safety are limited. Doxapram was compared to placebo (saline) in newborn puppies in a randomized, double‐blinded clinical trial using two outcome measures: 7‐day mortality rate and repeated APGAR score measurements. Higher APGAR scores have been positively correlated with survival and other health outcomes in newborns. Puppies were delivered by caesarean and a baseline APGAR score was measured. This was immediately followed by a randomly allocated intralingual injection of either doxapram or isotonic saline (of the same volume). Injection volumes were determined by the weight of the puppy and each injection was administered within a minute of birth. The mean dose of doxapram administered was 10.65 mg/kg. APGAR scores were measured again at 2, 5, 10 and 20 min. One hundred and seventy‐one puppies from 45 elective caesareans were recruited into this study. Five out of 85 puppies died after receiving saline and 7 out of 86 died after receiving doxapram. Adjusting for the baseline APGAR score, the age of the mother and whether the puppy was a brachycephalic breed, there was insufficient evidence to conclude a difference in the odds of 7‐day survival for puppies that received doxapram compared to those that received saline (p = .634). Adjusting for the baseline APGAR score, the weight of the mother, the litter size, the mother's parity number, the weight of the puppy and whether the puppy was a brachycephalic breed, there was insufficient evidence to conclude a difference in the probability of a puppy having an APGAR score of ten (the maximum APGAR score) between those that received doxapram compared to those that received saline (p = .631). Being a brachycephalic breed was not associated with an increased odds of 7‐day mortality (p = .156) but the effect of the baseline APGAR score on the probability of having an APGAR score of ten was higher for brachycephalic than non‐brachycephalic breeds (p = .01). There was insufficient evidence that intralingual doxapram provided an advantage (or disadvantage) compared to intralingual saline when used routinely in puppies delivered by elective caesarean and that were not apnoeic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%