Hairstyles and practices are a means of self-expression and can be associated with culture, religion, occupation, and recreational activities. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] Additionally, certain hair practices are a result of lifestyle preferences and the need for a low-maintenance hair routine. Specific hairstyles and practices that frequently apply tension to the hair follicle can result in traction alopecia (TA), which in the early stages is reversible. Prolonged and repeated tension on the hair follicle can result in permanent hair loss. Thus, the most important aspect of management is early recognition and intervention through prevention.Many of the hairstyles and hair practices associated with a higher risk of TA are often first introduced at a young age, making early intervention and education specifically advantageous in the pediatric population. In younger pediatric patients, specific hairstyles may be preferred by parents due to their convenience, low maintenance, and ability to avoid tangling as well as for cultural, religious and recreational purposes. The true prevalence of TA in the pediatric population is likely unknown as TA in this population can be misdiagnosed and unrecognized until adulthood. 1 Pediatric dermatologists in addition to other pediatric providers have the opportunity to counsel patients early and discuss strategies that can minimize damage while still maintaining preferred hairstyles and practices that align with the patient and family's culture, religious beliefs, recreational activities, lifestyle, and self-expression. Here, we provide an inclusive overview of pediatric TA discussing pathophysiology, high-and low-risk hairstyles, diagnosis, prevention strategies, and treatment options.
| PATHOPHYS IOLOGYTA is hair loss related to frequent tension on the hair root resulting in mechanical damage to the hair follicle and dermal papilla, which houses the stem cells for new hair growth. 12 Additionally, the application of tension on chemically relaxed or thermally straightened hair can result in a compounded risk for TA. 13 This is thought to be due to weakening of the hair shaft following chemical relaxer treatment resulting in increased breakage and brittleness. 13 Both chemical relaxers and thermal straightening are insufficient to cause TA alone, but they have been shown to be associated with a greater risk of TA with high-tension hairstyles compared with when tension is applied to natural hair. 6,9 Of interest, the pathophysiology of TA is not solely based on environmental exposures. Specific hair phenotype has also been postulated to be associated with increased risk for TA. Structural and biochemical characteristics specific to different hair types/pattern may result in an increased susceptibility to TA. 6,14 Although TA can present in individuals of all racial and ethnic backgrounds, it is increasingly common among patients with a tightcurl pattern and more commonly seen in Black patients. 14,15