Intraguild interactions in aphid parasitoids

Abstract

We reviewed the literature on aphid parasitoids to determine the occurrence, nature and outcome of intraguild interactions. Intraguild interactions were described for larval, pupal and adult aphid parasitoids and by the type of natural enemy (fungus, predator, or parasitoid). They appear to be prevalent in most aphid parasitoid systems and, except for parasitoid-parasitoid interactions, they are mostly asymmetric, with aphidophagous predators and pathogens killing parasitoids. The limited experimental evidence from field studies is insufficient to provide a comprehensive pattern of the consequences of intraguild interactions for aphid parasitoid populations in general and, more specifically, for the efficacy of biological control. However, because intraguild interactions are widespread in aphid-natural enemy communities and mostly detrimental to aphid parasitoids, we conclude that intraguild interactions have a primary effect in driving fluctuations in aphid parasitoid populations. Drawing on case studies, we further argue that intraguild interactions can substantially alter the effectiveness of aphid parasitoids as biological-control agents.

Intraguild predation of water scorpion Laccotrephes japonensis (Nepidae: Heteroptera)

“…Intraguild predation (IGP) occurs when a member of the guild preys upon another member of the same guild (Polis et al 1989;Polis and Holt 1992). IGP is a taxonomically widespread interaction within communities and exists broadly in nature (Polis et al 1989;Polis and Holt 1992;Rosenheim et al 1995;Brodeur and Rosenheim 2000;Müller and Brodeur 2002;Arim and Marquet 2004).…”

Effects of mass releases of Trichogramma brassicae on predatory insects in maize

“…All of them attack mainly aphids and have the potential to control aphid populations in maize as well as in other crops (Katz, 1993;Hopper et al, 1995;Wyss et al, 1999). As aphids are of concern in various crops and because there exists a large complex of aphid antagonists, several studies have been carried out on the intraguild predation of their natural enemies with the background that intraguild predation may disrupt biological control of aphids (Rosenheim et al, 1995;Brodeur & Rosenheim, 2000). Thus far, most research on intraguild predation focussed on direct interactions between different stages of predatory species (e.g., Hindayana et al, 2001).…”

Landscape scale study of diversity and interaction in cereal aphids - parasitoids system (Homoptera; Hymenoptera)

“…Pregledom rezultata sličnih studija (Tomanović & Brajković, 2001;Sigsgaard, 2002;Roschewitz et al, 2005;Vollhardt et al, 2008;Tomanović et al, 2008;Caballero-López et al, 2011, 2012Gagic et al, 2011Gagic et al, , 2012Lohaus et al, 2012;Kos et al, 2012) može se zaključiti da sastav i struktura gilde parazitoida biljnih vašiju značajno varira ne samo između regiona, već i između godina u okviru istog regiona. Imajući u vidu različito ponašanje porazitoida i njihovu preferenciju ka biljnim vašima (Powell & Zhi-Li, 1983;Mackauer & Völkl, 1993;Bueno et al, 2003;Lo Pinto et al, 2004;Langley et al, 2006;Rehman & Powell, 2010) kao i biotičke odnose, pre svega kompeticiju, unutar gilde parazitoida (McBrien & Mackauer, 1990;Brodeur & Rosenheim, 2000), prisustvo ili odsustvo određenih vrsta parazitoida, kao i njihova relativna zastupljenost mogu imati veliki uticaj na uspešnost biološke kontrole biljnih vaši. Treba istaći da je parazitiranost bila najviše prisutna kod vrste S. avenae, vrlo malo kod vrste M. dirhodum, a potpuno odsutna kod preostale dve vrste.…”