Intragenic recombination in a flagellin gene: characterization of the H1-j gene of Salmonella typhi.

Frankel, Gad; Newton, S. A.; Schoolnik, Gary K.; Stocker, B. A. D.

doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08468.x

Cited by 80 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Alleles encoding flagellar antigens a, k, z 6 , z 10 , and z 41 were also found in loci different from that predicted by the Kauffmann-White scheme and different from where they were typically found. H:a is always listed in phase 1 in the KauffmannWhite scheme but was identified in fljB in serotype II 45:a:z 10 ( Table 3).…”

mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…Alleles encoding several flagellar antigens were noted to contain deletions in what were otherwise genes encoding related flagellar antigens, including H:j, which has previously been reported to be encoded by an 86-amino-acid deletion in antigen H:d allele (10). Two alleles encoding H:z 40 were identical to alleles encoding H:l,v, except for a 19-or 7-amino-acid deletion in the variable region.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Rarely, Salmonella isolates express additional flagellar antigens. Some of these additional antigens have been unstable while others behave as typical flagellar antigens or are thought to be variants of common flagellar antigen types (10,12,19). They have been termed phase 3 and R phases; for simplicity, we will refer to all of these additional flagellar antigens as phase 3/R antigens.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Flagellin Genes fliC , fljB , and flpA from Salmonella

et al. 2004

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Salmonella isolates have traditionally been classified by serotyping, the serologic identification of two surface antigens, O-polysaccharide and flagellin protein. Serotyping has been of great value in understanding the epidemiology of Salmonella and investigating disease outbreaks; however, production and quality control of the hundreds of antisera required for serotyping is difficult and time-consuming. To circumvent the problems associated with antiserum production, we began the development of a system for determination of serotype in Salmonella based on DNA markers. To identify flagellar antigen-specific sequences, we sequenced 280 alleles of the three genes that are known to encode flagellin in Salmonella, fliC, fljB, and flpA, representing 67 flagellar antigen types. Analysis of the data indicated that the sequences from fliC, fljB, and flpA clustered by the antigen(s) they encode not by locus. The sequences grouped into four clusters based on their conserved regions. Three of the four clusters included multiple flagellar antigen types and were designated the G complex, the Z4 complex, and the ␣ cluster. The fourth cluster contained a single antigen type, H:z 29 . The amino acid sequences of the conserved regions within each cluster have greater than 95% amino acid identity, whereas the conserved regions differ substantially between clusters (75 to 85% identity). Substantial sequence heterogeneity existed between alleles encoding different flagellar antigens while alleles encoding the same flagellar antigen were homologous, suggesting that flagellin genes may be useful targets for the molecular determination of flagellar antigen type.

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confidence: 61%

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confidence: 93%

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confidence: 99%

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Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Flagellin Genes fliC , fljB , and flpA from Salmonella

et al. 2004

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“…The variable nature of FliC and FljB flagellins together with the multiple lipopolyssacharide sidechains (O antigens), define more than 2,000 recognized Salmonella serovars (5). The natural diversity of Salmonella flagellins reflects mainly the polymorphism at the central portion of the protein, which creates sub-types such as illustrated by FliC flagellins expressed by S. Typhimurium (FliCi), S. Typhi (FliCd) and S. Muenchen (FliCd) (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxic T cell adjuvant effects of three Salmonella enterica flagellins

Braga¹,

Massis²,

Alencar³

et al. 2008

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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Bacterial flagellins are important virulence-associated factors and strong inducers of inflammatory responses in mammalian hosts. Flagellins have also been investigated as potential vaccine adjuvants, either for induction of humoral or cellular immune responses, to different target antigens. In this study we investigated the adjuvant properties of three Salmonella enterica flagellins types (FliCd, FliCi and FljB) to an ovalbuminderived CD8 + T cell-restricted epitope (OVA257-264). Although mice immunized with the three tested flagellins elicited antigen-specific activated CD8 + T cells, only animals immunized with FliCi and FliCd flagellins admixed with ovalbumin mounted specific in vivo cytotoxic responses to peptide-pulsed target cells. The present results indicate that Salmonella flagellins are endowed with type-specific adjuvant effects toward murine CD8 + T cells, a feature that may impact their use as adjuvants for prophylatic or therapeutic vaccines.

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“…This work has also shown that the population structure of the salmonellae is basically clonal, with each serovar being represented by one or a few predominant clones of widespread if not global distribution (Beltran et al, 1988 ;Reeves et al, 1989 ;Selander et al, 1990a, 6). Comparative sequencing of the flagellin genes in strains of several serovars has implicated both intragenic and interstrain recombination as mechanisms generating new serovars (Frankel et al, 1989;Smith & Selander, 1990;Smith et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference collection of strains of the Salmonella typhimurium complex from natural populations

Beltran

Plock

Smith

et al. 1991

Journal of General Microbiology

131

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A collection of 72 reference strains of the Sufmoneffu typhimurium complex of clones recovered from a variety of hosts and environmental sources in diverse geographic locations has been established for use in studies of variation in natural populations. Included are strains of the serovars S typhimurium, S. sdntpuuf, S. heidefberg, S.purutyphi B (including varietyjatra) and S. muenchen. The strains, which have been characterized by enzyme electrophoresis for allelic variation in 24 chromosomal structural genes and represent 48 distinctive multilocus genotypes (electrophoretic types or ETs), exemplify the full range of genotypic variation in the S. typhimurium complex. Evolutionary genetic relationships among the ETs are indicated in a phylogenetic tree generated by the neighbourjoining method from a matrix of Nei's standard genetic distance.

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Intragenic recombination in a flagellin gene: characterization of the H1-j gene of Salmonella typhi.

Cited by 80 publications

References 13 publications

Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Flagellin Genes fliC , fljB , and flpA from Salmonella

Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Flagellin Genes fliC , fljB , and flpA from Salmonella

Cytotoxic T cell adjuvant effects of three Salmonella enterica flagellins

Reference collection of strains of the Salmonella typhimurium complex from natural populations

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