Intrafamily transmission of hepatitis C virus: sexual and non-sexual contacts

Diago, M.; Zapater, R.; Tuset, C.; Carbonell, Pilar; González, C Almeida; Cors, R.; Peña, Elena Casas

doi:10.1016/s0168-8278(96)80063-8

Cited by 45 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Hospital stay was not connected to a rise in the infection rate. In both cases, there is another potential way of transmission not confirmed in previous studies (28) and this is the coexistence with people with HCV and HBV positive serological markers. For sexual transmission, not confirmed in the case of HBsAg, it might be due to the way data have been collected in form of questionnaire that people did not answer with the truth.…”

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confidence: 72%

Prevalence of viral hepatitis (B and C) serological markers in healthy working population

Calleja

Llop-Herrera

Ruiz-Moraga³

et al. 2013

Rev. esp. enferm. dig.

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Introduction and objectives: prevalence of viral hepatitis (B and C) changes geographically. Our aim was to determinate the prevalence of hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) serological markers in healthy working population and to describe the epidemiological characteristics associated to its presence.Methods: blood samples and epidemiological data of 5,017 healthy workers from Murcia and Madrid were recorded prospectively.Results: a total of 5,017 healthy volunteers participated. Mean age 39 ± 11 years, men predominance (73 %). Prevalence of serological markers of HCV and HBV was 0.6 % and 0.7 %. Age of patients with HCV antibody was significantly higher (43 ± 9 years vs. 39 ± 11 years; p = 0.03). We observed significant differences in liver test values (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] 64 ± 56 IU/L vs. 28 ± 20 IU/L; p < 0.001; aspartate aminotransferase [AST] (51 ± 45 IU/L vs. 23 ± 12 IU/L; p < 0.001) and in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) value (104 ± 122 IU/L vs. 37 ± 46 IU/L; p < 0.001. The presence of HCV antibody was related significantly to previous transfusion (13 % vs. 5 %; p = 0.03), tattoos (29 % vs. 13 %; p < 0.01), intravenous drug addiction (13 % vs. 0.2 %; p < 0.001) and coexistence with people with positive HCV antibody (16 % vs. 4 %; p < 0.001). In HBV no differences in basal characteristics were observed with exception in AST values (29 ± 15 IU/L vs. 23 ± 12 IU/L; p < 0.01). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was related significantly to previous transfusion (15 % vs. 5 %; p < 0.01), tattoos (26 % vs. 14 %; p = 0.04) and coexistence with people with positive HBsAg (17 % vs. 4 %; p < 0.001).Conclusions: Prevalence of serological markers in healthy working population is low. Risk factors for infection were previous transfusion and tattoos. Intravenous drug addiction was only a risk factor in HCV.

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confidence: 72%

Prevalence of viral hepatitis (B and C) serological markers in healthy working population

Calleja

Llop-Herrera

Ruiz-Moraga³

et al. 2013

Rev. esp. enferm. dig.

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“…In a study by DIAGO et al (1996) 17 the incidence of anti-HCV for sex partners of index cases was 7.6% (30/394), and for other members of the family was 3.3% (34/1057) 17 .…”

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confidence: 98%

“…We also know that the transmission of HBV and HIV is considerably greater than that of HCV; however, the number of people who could acquire Hepatitis C by sexual means should not be neglected 10,15,17,23,24,28,40,51,85,86 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Sexual transmission of hepatitis C

Cavalheiro

2007

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYIt is generally agreed that the hepatitis C virus (HCV) can be efficiently transmitted parenterally, although data on viral transmission by sexual or non-sexual intrafamilial contact are conflicting. Since data collection began in 1989, the first study dealt with the risk of sexual transmission among multiple sex partners. Other investigations followed, emphasizing that risk increases in specific groups such as patients co-infected with HIV and HBV, sex workers, homosexuals, illicit drug users and patients attended at sexually transmittable disease clinics.The question arises as to what might be the risk for monogamous heterosexuals in the general population, in which one of the partners has HCV?The literature provides overall rates that vary from zero to 27%; however, most studies affirm that the chances of sexual transmission are low or almost null, with rates for this mode fluctuating from zero to 3%. Intrafamilial transmission is strongly considered but inconclusive, since when mentioning transmission between sex partners within the same household, specific situations also should be considered, such as the sharing of personal hygiene items, like razorblades, toothbrushes, nail clippers and manicure pliers, which are important risk factors in HCV transmission. In this review, we discuss the hypotheses of sexual and/or intrafamilial transmission.KEYWORDS: Hepatitis C; Transmission; Sexual; Intrafamilial.Patients infected by HCV frequently question whether their infection can be transmitted to their sexual partners, and whether HCV can be transmitted through sexual relations. Common sense suggests that HCV like HBV and HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact, but what is the degree of risk? Does it depend on the population studied? Can risk behavior alter contamination potential 27,34,74 ?Classically, parenteral exposition unites many risk factors that are relevant for HCV transmission, such as the use of illegal drugs, hemodialysis, blood transfusion and blood derivatives, tattoos, organ transplants, acupuncture, sharing of straws for drug inhalation, and accidents in health-care workers 12,26,49,58,71,89 .Convincing evidence for the sexual transmission of HCV requires a history of couples having lived together in sexual activity, the absence of other opportunities for infection, and genetic evidence on the virus, demonstrating that both partners are infected by a virus with very similar genomic sequences. The possession of quality information concerning these questions can aid in providing answers to these issues. However, few studies meet these criteria satisfactorily 22,69,85 . ALTER et al. (1989) 2 presented the first study in which the possibility of HCV transmission was discussed, and considered multiple sex partners as a risk factor. However, the contribution of sexually transmitted HCV remains controversial. In the United States, the Centers for Disease control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that between 20 to 25% of the transmission indexes are associated with sexual contact, although ...

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“…Surveys on HCV generally show that the infection occurs mainly as a cohort effect in subjects aged more than 45 years (Chiaromante et al 1996, Diago et al 1996. The use of non-disposable syringes and needles, a commonplace until two decades ago, is considered as a facilitating factor to HCV spread in some of these surveys (Chiaromante et al 1996, Angelico et al 1997.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C virus prevalence among an immigrant community to the Southern Amazon, Brazil

Souto

Fontes

Martelli

et al. 1999

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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A community-based random survey was conducted in a southern Brazilian Amazonian county aiming to investigate hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection prevalence and the association of demographic variables and lifestyle behaviours. Seven hundred eighty individuals were serologically screened with a third generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect anti-HCV antibodies between 1994/1995. Positive samples were retested for confirmation with a line immunoassay (LIA, Inno-LIA HCV Ab III). Most of these subjects were low income and came from southern Brazilian states (65.8). Two point four percent (IC 95% 1.2%-4.6%) of the subjects had LIA-confirmed anti-HCV antibodies reactivity. The age-specific prevalence of HCV antibodies slightly increased with age, with the highest prevalence after the age of 40 years. The results of multivariate analysis indicate a strong association between HCV antibodies and previous surgery and history of intravenous drug use. There were no apparent association with gender, hepatitis B virus markers, blood transfusion, and sexual activity. Mean time living in Amazon did not differ between confirmed and negative anti-HCV individuals. The present data point out an intermediate endemicity of HCV infection among this immigrant community to the Amazon region and that few HCV infected participants presented known risk factors.

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Intrafamily transmission of hepatitis C virus: sexual and non-sexual contacts

Cited by 45 publications

References 16 publications

Prevalence of viral hepatitis (B and C) serological markers in healthy working population

Prevalence of viral hepatitis (B and C) serological markers in healthy working population

Sexual transmission of hepatitis C

Hepatitis C virus prevalence among an immigrant community to the Southern Amazon, Brazil

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