Intrafamilial transmission of HTLV-I and its association with anti-Tax antibody in an endemic population in Japan

Shioiri, Shigemasa; Stuver, Sherri O.; Okayama, Akira; Murai, Koichi; Shima, Takashi; Tachibana, Nobuyoshi; Tsubouchi, Hirohito; Essex, Max; Müeller, Nancy

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19980105)75:1<15::aid-ijc3>3.0.co;2-4

Cited by 7 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, the Miyazaki cohort study has examined the epidemiology of persons who tested positive for anti‐p40 tax but were negative for structural HTLV antibodies. A history of blood transfusion was not found among such persons 15 . This latter finding does not preclude spread by transfusion, but rather suggests that, within an endemic population, tax ‐only status is attained by other means.…”

Section: Can Blood Transfusion Transmit Genes Capable Of Producing DImentioning

confidence: 78%

“…In addition, the identification of persons who have antibodies to the tax gene product (anti‐p40 tax ) but do not have antibodies to the structural genes that are detected by standard HTLV testing has also been previously reported. In 1993, Shioiri et al 15 reported that, among 889 persons who tested negative for antibodies to HTLV structural proteins, 14 (1.6%) demonstrated anti‐p40 tax . It is of interest that these persons tested negative by a sensitive nested PCR assay directed at the viral pX region that contains the tax gene.…”

Section: Do Some People Harbor An Htlv‐i Tax Gene With No Other Evidementioning

confidence: 99%

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Can blood transfusion transmit disease‐producing genes?

Dzik¹,

Okayama²

1999

Transfusion

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Section: Can Blood Transfusion Transmit Genes Capable Of Producing DImentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Do Some People Harbor An Htlv‐i Tax Gene With No Other Evidementioning

confidence: 99%

Can blood transfusion transmit disease‐producing genes?

Dzik¹,

Okayama²

1999

Transfusion

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Sex-specific mortality from adult T-cell leukemia among carriers of human T-lymphotropic virus type I

et al. 2001

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Perinatal infection with human T‐lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV‐I) is considered a risk factor for adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL). Incidence of ATL in Japan is generally higher in males compared with females, perhaps partly due to an earlier average age of infection among males. We estimated sex‐specific ATL mortality among perinatally‐infected HTLV‐I carriers in the prospective Miyazaki Cohort Study in Japan. Based on the approximated proportion of perinatally‐infected carriers, the relative risk (RR) of ATL for males compared with females was calculated. Six ATL deaths (4 males, 2 females) occurred among the 550 HTLV‐I carriers in the cohort during 13 years of follow‐up. The overall ATL mortality was 190.5 (95% CI 51.9–487.7) per 105 person‐years for males and 51.7 (6.3–186.8) per 105 person‐years for females (age‐standardized RR = 3.9, p=0.02). By approximating the number of persons who acquired infection perinatally, the estimated mortality among those perinatally‐infected HTLV‐I carriers was 209.1 (57.0–535.2) per 105 person‐years for males and 60.9 (7.4–219.9) per 105 person‐years for females (age‐standardized RR = 3.7, p=0.02). The adjusted RR changed minimally from the unadjusted RR, suggesting that earlier age of infection alone is unlikely the explanation for the male predominance in ATL. Based on the small number of cases available for analysis, aspects of gender itself appear to play a role in the development of this malignancy. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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High risk of heterosexual transmission of human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection in Brazil

Paiva

Smid

Haziot

et al. 2016

Journal of Medical Virology

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Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 is transmitted primarily either through sexual intercourse or from mother to child. The current study investigated sexual transmission and compared the HTLV-1 proviral load between seroconcordant and serodiscordant couples by examining both men and women among the index partners without using subjective criteria to establish the direction of sexual transmission. Between January 2013 and May 2015, 178 HTLV-1-positive patients had spouses, 107 of which had tested partners, thus increasing the initial sample size (46 men and 61 women). Individuals co-infected with HTLV-2 or human immunodeficiency virus were not included in the analysis. From among the included participants, 26 men and 26 women were paired with each other, resulting in 26 seroconcordant couples; 12 seroconcordant couples were formed from another four men and eight women. Forty-three serodiscordant couples were formed from 16 men and 27 women. The rate of seroconcordance was 46.9%. The HTLV-1 proviral load was compared between 19 and 37 seroconcordant and serodiscondant couples, respectively, and the concordant couples showed higher proviral loads (P = 0.03). There were no differences between the groups according to age, relationship length, having a mother or sibling with HTLV-1, race, ethnicity, nationality, education, history of blood transfusion, HAM/TSP, ALT, or hepatitis C virus status. In multivariate analysis, relationship time was shown associated with ocurrence of seroconcordance status. The apparent association between high circulating levels of provirus and seroconcordance rate among couples suggests that proviral loads contribute markedly to the risk of sexual transmission, regardless of gender index.

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Intrafamilial transmission of HTLV-I and its association with anti-Tax antibody in an endemic population in Japan

Cited by 7 publications

References 18 publications

Can blood transfusion transmit disease‐producing genes?

Can blood transfusion transmit disease‐producing genes?

Sex-specific mortality from adult T-cell leukemia among carriers of human T-lymphotropic virus type I

High risk of heterosexual transmission of human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 infection in Brazil

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