Intraepithelial and stromal lymphocytes in the normal human prostate

Bostwick, David G.; Roza, Gustavo de la; Dundore, Paul A.; Corica, Federico A.; Iczkowski, Kenneth A.

doi:10.1002/pros.10224

Cited by 71 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A low CD4/CD8 T cell ratio has also been observed in the normal human prostate. 152 Altogether these findings may suggest that prostates in rats that are resistant to inflammation show a cellular profile characterized by high levels of cytotoxic CD8 þ T cells, a high NKT/T-cell ratio, and low CD4/CD8T cell ratio. NKT cells are novel T-cell lineage expressing NK cell markers (CD161a/NKR-P1A in rats).…”

Section: Rat Models Of Prostatitismentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental rodent models of prostatitis: limitations and potential

Vykhovanets

Resnick

MacLennan

et al. 2007

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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Prostatitis is a polyetiological inflammation of the prostate gland in men characterized by pelvic pain, irritative voiding symptoms, and sexual dysfunction. Histologically prostatitis is characterized by poly-and mononuclear cell infiltrates (neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages and plasma cells) in the stromal connective tissue around the acini or ducts. Prostatitis is an important worldwide health problem in men. The pathogenesis and diagnostic criteria for the condition are obscure, with the result that the development of management programs for this condition has been hindered. Animal model(s) might be useful in elucidating mechanisms involved in the molecular pathogenesis of chronic nonbacterial prostatitis and chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Given that prostatitis might have a multifactorial etiology, several animal models with unique features may prove helpful. This review examines a number of experimental rodent models of prostatitis and evaluates their advantages and limitations.

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Section: Rat Models Of Prostatitismentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental rodent models of prostatitis: limitations and potential

Vykhovanets

Resnick

MacLennan

et al. 2007

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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“…Although leukcocytes scattered diffusely throughout the tissue were identified in foci of adenocarcinoma, adjacent benign tissue and specimens affected by NHPG, leucocytes organised into follicle-like clusters were barely detected in malignant tissue. Because scattered leukcocytes could be found in prostate tissue even in the absence of cancer, hyperplasia or florid prostatitis (McClinton et al, 1990;Bostwick et al, 2003), we concluded that scattered leucocytes unlikely represent tumour-directed immuneeffector cells. On the contrary, the differences in clustered infiltrates between adenocarcinoma lesions, perimalignant tissue and NHPG were not qualitative (irrespective of their location, clusters were mainly composed of CD4 lymphocytes; Figure 3) but rather quantitative (less intense clusters were detected in malignant lesions; Figure 2), thereby implying a diminished access of immune-effector cells to the tumour core.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Impaired access of lymphocytes to neoplastic prostate tissue is associated with neoangiogenesis in the tumour site

et al. 2007

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Recent reports demonstrated that neovasculature of certain murine tumours inhibits migration of lymphocytes to malignant tissues. We examined the possible existence of this phenomenon in human prostate adenocarcinoma by relating extent, patterns and composition of leucocyte infiltrates in adenocarinoma specimens (N ¼ 28) to microvessel density and percentages of these vessels expressing adhesion molecules CD54, CD106 and CD62E. Specimens of nodular hyperplasia (N ¼ 30) were used as a control for nonmalignant prostate. Increased microvessel density was detected in foci of adenocarcinoma, as compared with adjacent benign areas (P ¼ 0.004) or hyperplastic specimens (P ¼ 0.001). Only CD54 was detected on prostate vasculature; percentages of CD54-expressing vessels in adenocarcinoma lesions and adjacent areas were higher than in hyperplasia (P ¼ 0.041 and P ¼ 0.014, respectively). Infiltrating leucocytes were either scattered diffusely in tissue or organised into clusters mainly composed of CD4-positive lymphocytes; smaller percentage of tissue was occupied by clustered infiltrates in adenocarcinoma foci (mean ¼ 0.7; median ¼ 0; range ¼ 0 -5) than in adjacent tissue (mean ¼ 2.5; median ¼ 1; range ¼ 0 -15; P ¼ .021) and hyperplasia (mean ¼ 1.9; median ¼ 2; range ¼ 0-5; P ¼ .006). In adenocarcinoma foci, microvessel density tended to negatively correlate with percentage of tissue occupied by an overall leucocyte infiltrate (mean ¼ 8.6; median ¼ 7.5; range ¼ 30) and negatively correlated with percentage of tissue occupied by clustered infiltrate (P ¼ 0.045). Percentage of CD54-expressing vessels positively correlated with percentage of tissue occupied by an overall (mean ¼ 12; median ¼ 10; range ¼ 30; P ¼ 0.01) and clustered (P ¼ 0.023) infiltrate in hyperplasia, whereas in carcinoma-adjacent benign areas, correlation was detected only for clustered infiltrates (P ¼ 0.02). The results indicate that impaired access of lymphocytes to malignant lesions is associated with increased numbers of newly formed blood vessels, whereas vascular CD54 likely contributes to extravasation of lymphocytes only in benign prostate tissue.

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“…Gene expression analysis between the normal peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) of the specimens obtained from prostate cancer patients revealed preferential expression of MIC-1 in the PZ (predominant site of tumor occurrence) compared to the TZ (site of benign prostatic hyperplasia) (26). The expression of MIC-1 is also reported in adult human prostate tissues with the existence of infiltrating lymphocytes in normal-appearing prostate tissues (27,28). An induction in MIC-1 gene expression in kidney, lung and liver tissue due to injury following surgical, chemical or heat shock methods has also been observed (29,30).…”

Section: Modulation Of Mic-1 Expression In a Human Prostate Cancer Cementioning

confidence: 98%

Inflammation-associated regulation of the macrophage inhibitory cytokine (MIC-1) gene in prostate cancer

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1 (MIC-1), also known as prostate-derived factor (PDF), is a molecule of the TGF-β superfamily and has been associated with the progression of various types of diseases including prostate cancer. Initially identified from activated macrophages, the MIC-1 gene may provide a potential link between inflammation and prostate cancer. In this context, we performed MIC-1 expression analysis using mouse prostate tissues to determine whether there was any correlation with age and inflammation. Reverse transcription PCR analysis on RNA samples isolated from prostate lobes from prostate-specific antigen transgenic mice of varying ages revealed that MIC-1 gene expression is extremely low to non-detectable in the prostate tissues obtained from young mice, while its expression increases in the prostate tissues harvested from elderly mice. Increased MIC-1 gene expression in the mouse prostate was found to be associated with an increased level of infiltrating lymphocytes. To confirm this observation, we showed that inflammation-associated cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) significantly upregulate the secretion of the MIC-1 protein in a human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP cells), while cytokines IL-6 and granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor were less effective. Taken together, these data indicated that inflammation-associated cytokines may play a critical role in the functional regulation of the MIC-1 gene in the early stages of prostate cancer development. More studies are required to understand the biological activity of MIC-1 gene regulation in the development and progression of prostate cancer.

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Intraepithelial and stromal lymphocytes in the normal human prostate

Cited by 71 publications

References 24 publications

Experimental rodent models of prostatitis: limitations and potential

Experimental rodent models of prostatitis: limitations and potential

Impaired access of lymphocytes to neoplastic prostate tissue is associated with neoangiogenesis in the tumour site

Inflammation-associated regulation of the macrophage inhibitory cytokine (MIC-1) gene in prostate cancer

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