Intradermal versus subcutaneous immunization with typhoid vaccine

Iwarson, Sten; Larsson, Peter

doi:10.1017/s0022172400026462

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…A total of 103 sera were analyzed. A more detailed report on the routes of immunization and doses has been given earlier (7).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The direct tube agglutination method (Widal) has primarily been used for determination of serum antibodies in cases of suspected typhoid fever (10,13). Serum antibodies to Salmonella can also be determined with the indirect hemagglutination method (7,11). The agglutination techniques only allow for determination of agglutinable antibodies and cannot discriminate between specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM antibodies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with conventional serological methods for detection of class-specific antibodies to Salmonella typhi O antigen

Lange¹,

Elwing²,

Larsson³

et al. 1980

J Clin Microbiol

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The diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DIG-ELISA) is a new and simple method for quantitation of antibodies, based on the ability of antibodies to diffuse from wells in gel and adsorb to antigen which is bound to a polystyrene surface. The antigen-antibody reaction is visualized with a color reaction caused by horseradish peroxidase-conjugated class-specific anti-immunoglobins. This method was used to study the immunoglobulin G, A, and M immune response to Salmonella typhi O antigen in individuals immunized with a monovalent heat-inactivated typhoid vaccine. The antibody values obtained by the DIG-ELISA method correlated with those evaluated by conventional direct agglutination (Widal) and indirect hemagglutination methods. The DIG-ELISA method was also found to be sensitive, specific, and economical, as well as suitable for handling large numbers of sera while requiring very simple equipment.

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“…A total of 103 sera were analyzed. A more detailed report on the routes of immunization and doses has been given earlier (7).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with conventional serological methods for detection of class-specific antibodies to Salmonella typhi O antigen

Lange¹,

Elwing²,

Larsson³

et al. 1980

J Clin Microbiol

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show abstract

“…This failure to provide adequate protection is observed despite the development of high titers of circulating antibodies and may be mostly due to an inadequate stimulation of local immunity (53). In addition, parenteral administration of large numbers of killed organisms frequently results in adverse reactions such as local discomfort, redness, swelling, fever, headache, myalgia, and general malaise (1,21,73,145). More severe systemic manifestations such as anaphylactic shock, acute renal disease, appendicitis, and erythema nodosum, although rare, have also been observed (13,75,80,101).…”

Section: Immunization Against Enteric Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral immunization using live attenuated Salmonella spp. as carriers of foreign antigens

1992

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A variety of techniques, including the use of live oral vaccines, have been used to deliver antigens to the gut-associated lymphoid tissues in an attempt to initiate production of specific secretory immunoglobulin A for protection against pathogens that colonize or cross mucosal surfaces to initiate infection. A number of attenuated Salmonella mutants are able to interact with the lymphoid tissues in the Peyer's patches but are not able to cause systemic disease. Some of these mutants are effective as live vaccines (i.e., able to protect against infection with the virulent Salmonella parent) and are candidates for use as carriers for virulence determinants of other mucosal pathogens. This has been shown to be an effective means of stimulating significant levels of specific mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A directed against the carrier strains and against a variety of heterologous antigens and has been shown to stimulate production of serum antibodies and cell-mediated responses as well. This review examines the history of this mechanism of vaccine delivery and summarizes the most recent applications of this evolving technology. This is a technique for vaccine delivery with significant potential for influencing the management of infectious diseases on a large scale. It can be used not only for vaccines against enteric bacterial pathogens but also for vaccines against a variety of other bacteria, viruses, and parasites. The results obtained to date are encouraging, and there is great potential for development of safe, effective, affordable vaccines.

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Section: Immunization Against Enteric Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral immunization using live attenuated Salmonella spp. as carriers of foreign antigens.

Cárdenas¹,

Clements²

1992

Clinical Microbiology Reviews

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Intradermal versus subcutaneous immunization with typhoid vaccine

Cited by 14 publications

References 13 publications

Comparison of diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with conventional serological methods for detection of class-specific antibodies to Salmonella typhi O antigen

Comparison of diffusion-in-gel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with conventional serological methods for detection of class-specific antibodies to Salmonella typhi O antigen

Oral immunization using live attenuated Salmonella spp. as carriers of foreign antigens

Oral immunization using live attenuated Salmonella spp. as carriers of foreign antigens.

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