“…This is reported in futures markets by Kawaller et al (1990), Froot et al (1990), Cheung and Ng (1990), Chan et al (1991), Ekman (1992), Ito and Lin (1992), Becker et al (1993), Gannon (1994), Lee and Linn (1994), Wang et al (1994), Chang et al (1995), Daigler (1997), Franses et al (1997), Kofman and Martens (1997), Buckle et al (1998), andTse (1999). U-shaped intraday volatility in equity markets is reported by McInish and Wood (1990), Gerety and Mulherin (1992), Lehmann and Modest (1994), Werner and Kleidon (1996) and Abhyankar et al (1997).…”