Intracranial Tumor Detection using Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Deep Learning

Abstract

An intracranial tumor is a malignant Central Nervous System (CNS) cancer that significantly contributes to global mortality. Timely prediction of these brain tumors can improve the survival rates of a patient. Magnetic Resonance Imagining (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) have emerged as effective non-invasive ways to extract 2D or 3D images of human internal organs, eliminating any pain or surgical procedures. However, analyzing and distinguishing the normal and abnormal tissue is a challenging task. Due to this implying Datadriven approaches, could be a pragmatic way to efficiently classify and detect regions of malignancy of a tumor. The scope of this study is to efficiently predict Brain tumors and their location by employing sophisticated optimized Deep learning models like Convolutional neural Networks (CNN) and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) through limited MRI images dataset of human brain. The dataset acquired from kaggle is comprised of 253 MRI images covering different angles of the human brain. The images were of different sizes and shapes, to standardize them data preprocessing simulations were made including resizing, normalizing, etc. For better categorization of model, the images were also converted to binary format (0, 1) by the One Hot Encoding technique. The ratio of training and testing data was taken as 90:10. For CNN and LSTM model, suitable hyperparameters were selected through the trial-and-error technique to ensure the best optimization of the model on the implied training data. The loss and accuracy graph depicts optimized validation and accuracy losses indicating the model to call back early stopping to save computational cost. The predicted labels for both the models and actual label were compared by a confusion matrix which showed accuracy, specificity, recall, and misclassification error to be 91.51, 92.85, 90.12, and 8.49 on average for CNN,while 95.54, 92.86, 94.2, and 5.805 for LSTM model, respectively.