Intracranial Ependymomas: A Review

Applegate, Glenn L.; Marymont, Maryanne Hoffman

doi:10.3109/07357909809032889

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Ependymomas included in the study were WHO grade II. Tumours of grade I, myxopapillary ependymoma and subependymoma, were excluded since they have distinct morphological, biological and demographic features, the first presenting almost exclusively in cauda equina region, and the second in an older age group and with different MRI characteristics than ependymoma grade II 18. PAs have low cell density with relatively large volume of extracellular space, unlike EPNs, therefore, we hypothesised that the diffusion of water molecules in PAs is of a higher order compared to EPNs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion differences between pilocytic astrocytomas and grade II ependymomas

Pavliša

Radoš³

2011

Radiology and Oncology

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BackgroundThe aim of our study was to differentiate between cerebellar pilocytic astrocytomas and grade II ependymomas on the basis of their diffusion properties.Patients and methodsThe study prospectively included 12 patients with pilocytic astrocytomas and 5 with ependymomas. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) were compared between tumour types.ResultsADC values were significantly higher in pilocytic astrocytomas than ependymomas, with almost no overlapping of the range of measured ADCs between the two tumour types.ConclusionsSignificant diffusion differences between pilocytic astrocytomas and grade II ependymomas enable their preoperative distinction, in combination with conventional magnetic resonance images.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusion differences between pilocytic astrocytomas and grade II ependymomas

Pavliša

Radoš³

2011

Radiology and Oncology

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“…However, in the cases of supratentorial CCE the mean age was 47.4 years old, while in those of the infratentorial CCE cases it was 22.8 years old. Moreover, 50% of intracranial ependymomas are recognized in children younger than 15 years old, 9 but CCE has only been found in four children to date.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clear cell ependymoma of the fourth ventricle

Katoh¹,

Satoh²,

Nishiya³

et al. 2004

Neuropathology

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Two cases of clear cell ependymoma (CCE) of the fourth ventricle are reported in a 49-year-old woman with dysphagia and a 59-year-old woman with dizziness and gait disturbance. CCE is a relatively new variant of ependymoma added to the WHO classification of tumors in 1993. Tumor cells display an oligodendroglioma-like appearance with a clear perinuclear halo. Most infratentorial CCE tumors are located in the cerebellum. There are only three cases, including the present two cases, that have been reported to affect the fourth ventricle.

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“…They account for approximately 10% of brain tumors in children [5]. Despite advances in radiotherapy and many attempts at treating this disease with chemotherapeutics, the mainstay of treatment for ependymomas continues to be surgery.…”

Section: Ependymomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Pediatric glial tumors

Cohen¹,

Broniscer²,

Glod³

2001

Curr. Treat. Options in Oncol.

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Glial neoplasms in children comprise many heterogeneous tumors that include pilocytic and fibrillary astrocytomas, ependymomas, and the diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. In contrast to adults, most of whom present with high-grade fibrillary neoplasms, alternate histologies represent most cases seen in the pediatric setting. In addition, although most adult gliomas are supratentorial in location, in pediatrics infratentorial tumors (posterior fossa and brain stem) predominate. We discuss three specific tumors: diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas; pilocytic astrocytomas; and ependymomas. Maximal surgical resection is the mainstay of therapy for both pilocytic astrocytomas and ependymomas. Failure to achieve an optimal resection often results in progression and the need for further therapy for patients with pilocytic astrocytomas, and is ultimately fatal in most children with subtotally resected ependymomas. Surgical resection has no role in the treatment of pontine gliomas. Focal radiation therapy is included routinely in the treatment of ependymomas, and it has been shown to improve event-free survival. This therapy also is used in the treatment of pontine gliomas because radiation treatment appears to slow inevitable tumor progression. Radiation therapy in pilocytic astrocytomas is generally reserved for patients who progress after an initial surgical resection or for those patients with midline tumors; these patients are poor candidates for aggressive surgical resection. The role of chemotherapy in these tumors is in evolution. Chemotherapy for pilocytic astrocytomas, particularly in young children (for whom radiation therapy is avoided), appears to be effective in the treatment of a subset of patients. Up-front chemotherapy is generally reserved for the youngest children who present with ependymoma. In the recurrence setting, chemotherapy has shown some activity, although this approach is never curative. Despite the application of various chemotherapeutics and other biologic agents, none of these therapies has improved the prognosis for patients with the uniformly lethal pontine glioma.

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Intracranial Ependymomas: A Review

Cited by 26 publications

References 42 publications

Diffusion differences between pilocytic astrocytomas and grade II ependymomas

Diffusion differences between pilocytic astrocytomas and grade II ependymomas

Clear cell ependymoma of the fourth ventricle

Pediatric glial tumors

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