Intracranial calcifications on computed tomography: pictorial essay

Kıroğlu, Yılmaz; Çallı, Cem; Karabulut, Nevzat; Öncel, Çağatay

doi:10.4261/1305-3825.dir.2626-09.1

Cited by 59 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…However, metastases are rarely calcified (Drevelegas 2011). Meningioma calcification, with a density of 60%, has been observed in various studies (Makariou and Patsalides 2009; Kıroğlu et al 2010). Calcification shows no correlation with tumor grade.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Six different extremely calcified lesions of the brain: brain stones

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThis study aimed to extend clinical documentation of cerebral calculi by reporting six cases of cerebral calculi with distinct etiologies and localizations. MethodsWe evaluated the age, sex distribution, presenting symptoms, neurological examination findings, pathology results, and location of the calcifications of six patients with intracranial calcifications.ResultsThree of the six patients with brain stones were female (50%), and three were male (50%). The patient ages ranged from 12 to 46 years. A radiological examination of each patient’s cranium was performed with pre-operative cranial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. All of the lesions were completely excised. The patients’ pathologies were determined to be distinct hyalinization, dystrophic calcification, hamartoma, ossification developing from widespread pituitary adenoma tissue, benign mesenchymal neoplasia, a mass consisting of sporadically ossified fibrous tissue, and angiomatous meningioma with distinct hyalinization and fibrosis.ConclusionsIntracranial calcifications are a common phenomenon in neurosurgical practice. However, brain stones, as well as solid calcifications also termed cerebral calculi, are rarely encountered. Brain stones can be classified on the basis of their etiology and localization. Additionally, we suggest that lesions smaller than 1 cm might be classified as calcifications and those greater than 1 cm as brain stones. We further suggest that the differentiation between calcification and brain stones might be based on size. These pathologies typically manifest as seizures and are occasionally identified during routine brain tomography. Meningiomas constitute an important portion of extra-axial calcifications, whereas tumorous and vascular causes are more prevalent among intra-axial calcifications.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Six different extremely calcified lesions of the brain: brain stones

et al. 2016

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“…Calcified mass in brain seen in CT scan can have many etiologies. [4] The following chart [Table 1] shows the different common etiologies of cerebral calcification and their differentiation with special reference to suprasellar lesions:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suprasellar tuberculoma presenting as sudden onset blindness in a patient of lupus

Paul

Banerjee

Bandyopadhyay

2012

J Global Infect Dis

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Tuberculosis can be an opportunistic infection complicating the course of patients receiving prolonged immunosuppression. In these patients, the tuberculosis can involve the central nervous system and can cause diagnostic difficulty due to atypical features. Often, the diagnosis of central nervous system tuberculosis in resource limited settings is indirect, like imaging. But anti-tubercular drugs, given even on empirical basis can be life saving. A case of a young female systemic lupus erythematosus patient (on prolonged steroids) with intracranial tuberculoma is presented here. She presented with blindness and headache and her computed tomography scan showed a calcified mass in the suprasellar location. However, she responded well to anti-tubercular drugs. The differential diagnoses of such lesions are also discussed.

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“…Intracranial calcifications, cerebral atrophy and leukodystrophy in diseases of immune dysregulation have been reported including spondylo-enchondro-dysplasia with immune dysregulation, ADAR1 deficiency, SAMHD1 deficiency and type 1 interferonopathies [61].…”

Section: Neurological Cluesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Important differences in the diagnostic spectrum of primary immunodeficiency in adults versus children

Abolhassani

Rezaei

Mohammadinejad

et al. 2015

Expert Review of Clinical Immunology

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Primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) constitute a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders caused by defects in immunity, leading to recurrent infections, autoimmunity, lymphoproliferation and malignancies. Early diagnosis of PIDs is crucial for improving the quality of life in patients with PIDs while a delay in diagnosis, or inadequate treatment, results in an increased mortality and morbidity in affected individuals. Although most cases of PIDs present in children with recurrent and/or severe acute infections, some of the primary immune disorders are diagnosed during adulthood. Some common clues, both in children and adults, help physicians to diagnose PIDs; however, there are some specific clues to the diagnosis of PIDs for each group. This article reviews the important differences in the diagnostic spectrum of PIDs in adults versus children.

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Intracranial calcifications on computed tomography: pictorial essay

Abstract: Computed tomography (CT) is very sensitive for detection and localization of intracranial calcifications. We reviewed in this pictorial essay the diseases associated with intracranial calcifications and emphasized the utility of CT for the differential diagnosis.

Cited by 59 publications

References 14 publications

Six different extremely calcified lesions of the brain: brain stones

Six different extremely calcified lesions of the brain: brain stones

Suprasellar tuberculoma presenting as sudden onset blindness in a patient of lupus

Important differences in the diagnostic spectrum of primary immunodeficiency in adults versus children

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