Intracranial Artery Atherosclerosis and Lumen Dilation in Cerebral Small‐Vessel Diseases: A High‐resolution <scp>MRI</scp> Study

Xu, Wei-Hai; Li, Ming-Li; Niu, Jingwen; Feng, Feng; Jin, Zhengyu; Gao, Shan

doi:10.1111/cns.12224

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…It has already been shown that macrophage autophagy plays a protective role in AS and that it functions as a promoter of cholesterol efflux. This provides us with a new therapeutic direction for treating AS [3,4] . This review will mainly discuss the relationship between macrophage autophagy and atherosclerosis, possible mechanisms, and recent advances in targeting autophagy to treat atherosclerosis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The roles of macrophage autophagy in atherosclerosis

Shao

Han

Zeng³

et al. 2016

Acta Pharmacol Sin

172

116

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Although various types of drugs and therapies are available to treat atherosclerosis, it remains a major cause of mortality throughout the world. Macrophages are the major source of foam cells, which are hallmarks of atherosclerotic lesions. Consequently, the roles of macrophages in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis are increasingly investigated. Autophagy is a self-protecting cellular catabolic pathway. Since its discovery, autophagy has been found to be associated with a variety of diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, malignant tumors, neurodegenerative diseases, and immune system disorders. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that autophagy plays an important role in inhibiting inflammation and apoptosis, and in promoting efferocytosis and cholesterol efflux. These facts suggest the induction of autophagy may be exploited as a potential strategy for the treatment of atherosclerosis. In this review we mainly discuss the relationship between macrophage autophagy and atherosclerosis and the molecular mechanisms, as well as the recent advances in targeting the process of autophagy to treat atherosclerosis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The roles of macrophage autophagy in atherosclerosis

Shao

Han

Zeng³

et al. 2016

Acta Pharmacol Sin

172

116

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“…49 Similar studies have shown VW-MR imaging evidence of atherosclerotic plaque in the supplying artery of 52% of patients with MCA territory lacunar infarcts and 42% of patients with pontine infarcts, but normal MRA findings. 50,51 A VW-MR imaging study 52 that assessed the prevalence of MCA plaque both ipsilateral and contralateral to lenticulostriate territory infarcts in patients who had normal MRA findings found a similar prevalence (46% and 45%, respectively) bilaterally. This latter study did not report whether there was a difference in contrast enhancement between the plaques ipsilateral versus contralateral to the infarction.…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

Intracranial Vessel Wall MRI: Principles and Expert Consensus Recommendations of the American Society of Neuroradiology

Mandell

Mossa‐Basha

Qiao

et al. 2016

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

475

456

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SUMMARY:Intracranial vessel wall MR imaging is an adjunct to conventional angiographic imaging with CTA, MRA, or DSA. The technique has multiple potential uses in the context of ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage. There remain gaps in our understanding of intracranial vessel wall MR imaging findings and research is ongoing, but the technique is already used on a clinical basis at many centers. This article, on behalf of the Vessel Wall Imaging Study Group of the American Society of Neuroradiology, provides expert consensus recommendations for current clinical practice. ABBREVIATIONS: RCVS ϭ reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome; VW-MR imaging ϭ vessel wall MR imaging

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“…e TOF MRA shows minimal stenosis in the right M1 segment (white arrow) of the middle cerebral artery, at the origin of the lenticulostriate perforators that supplied the distribution of the ischemic stroke. f Sagittal reconstruction of the same right M1 segment again demonstrates eccentric wall enhancement, consistent with recently symptomatic atherosclerotic plaque, and outward remodeling at the site of the enhancement irregularly surfaced with increased ratio of plaque thickening to patent vessel lumen [27][28][29][30][31][32]. Among MCA plaques with associated deep penetrating artery infarctions, plaque tended to be more superior and less ventral [28,31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Intracranial vessel wall MRI: a review of current indications and future applications

et al. 2016

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Background: Intracranial vessel wall MRI (IVWM) is a new diagnostic imaging approach with the goal of evaluating intracranial vascular pathology by directly visualizing arterial vessel wall abnormalities with MR sequences, preferably at 3 Tesla field strength, that suppress blood and have excellent spatial resolution. Body: The differentiation of intracranial vascular pathology has historically relied on luminal imaging techniques that depict the alteration of flow created by atherosclerotic stenosis or vasospasm. With IVWM, it is possible to identify distinct radiologic findings of the pathology within the intracranial vessel wall itself, ranging from arterial dissection to vasculitis. Futhermore, IVWM imaging characteristics, such as post-contrast enhancement, can elucidate the temporal relationship between imaging findings and clinical pathology; and may predict future behavior of unruptured aneurysms or atherosclerotic plaques. Conclusion: We present a review of the basic IVWM imaging techniques and the relevant published literature on IVWM, with a focus on evidence-based diagnostic indications for IVWM and discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of each indication. Finally, we discuss how IVWM can be used to differentiate between intracranial pathology and future directions for IVWM research.

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Intracranial Artery Atherosclerosis and Lumen Dilation in Cerebral Small‐Vessel Diseases: A High‐resolution MRI Study

Abstract: Middle cerebral artery superior-wall plaques are associated with acute DBIs, while MCA lumen dilation is associated with WMLs.

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

The roles of macrophage autophagy in atherosclerosis

The roles of macrophage autophagy in atherosclerosis

Intracranial Vessel Wall MRI: Principles and Expert Consensus Recommendations of the American Society of Neuroradiology

Intracranial vessel wall MRI: a review of current indications and future applications

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