Intracortical inhibition of the motor cortex in Segawa disease (DYT5)

Hanajima, Ritsuko; Nomura, Yasuo; Segawa, Masaya; Ugawa, Yoshikazu

doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000257816.92101.54

Cited by 25 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Both SICI and ICF were normal in our patients, similar to a previous study and did not change after l ‐dopa intake. In contrast, in another study, abnormally reduced SICI at baseline could be normalized after dopaminergic treatment .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…An increased facilitatory drive in dorsal premotor (PMd) to primary motor cortex (M1) connections has been demonstrated in Parkinson patients, whereas inhibitory influences seem to be up‐regulated in these circuits in dystonia . Although M1 excitability has been studied in DRD PMd‐M1 circuit activity is unclear in these patients. To this end, we measured these circuits in DRD, using a transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) dual‐pulse conditioning paradigm that has previously been useful to depict abnormal PMd‐M1 network activity in parkinsonism and dystonia .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Premotor-motor excitability is altered in dopa-responsive dystonia

et al. 2015

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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confidence: 99%

Premotor-motor excitability is altered in dopa-responsive dystonia

et al. 2015

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“…The same group also pointed out that because SICI selectively targets late I waves, it is difficult to interpret measurement of SICI in different patient populations (Hanajima & Ugawa, ; Hanajima et al . , ). If SICI is reduced, is it because the GABAergic circuits are less excitable, or is it because the test pulse recruits proportionately more early than late I waves or more D than I waves (Hanajima et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corticospinal activity evoked and modulated by non‐invasive stimulation of the intact human motor cortex

Lazzaro

Rothwell

2014

The Journal of Physiology

234

227

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A number of methods have been developed recently that stimulate the human brain non-invasively through the intact scalp. The most common are transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electric stimulation (TES) and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS). They are widely used to probe function and connectivity of brain areas as well as therapeutically in a variety of conditions such as depression or stroke. They are much less focal than conventional invasive methods which use small electrodes placed on or in the brain and are often thought to activate all classes of neurones in the stimulated area. However, this is not true. A large body of evidence from experiments on the motor cortex shows that non-invasive methods of brain stimulation can be surprisingly selective and that adjusting the intensity and direction of stimulation can activate different classes of inhibitory and excitatory inputs to the corticospinal output cells. Here we review data that have elucidated the action of TMS and TES, concentrating mainly on the most direct evidence available from spinal epidural recordings of the descending corticospinal volleys. The results show that it is potentially possible to test and condition specific neural circuits in motor cortex that could be affected differentially by disease, or be used in different forms of natural behaviour. However, there is substantial interindividual variability in the specificity of these protocols. Perhaps in the future it will be possible, with the advances currently being made to model the electrical fields induced in individual brains, to develop forms of stimulation that can reliably target more specific populations of neurones, and open up the internal circuitry of the motor cortex for study in behaving humans. Abbreviations AP, anterior to posterior; ICF, intracortical facilitation; ISI, interstimulus interval; LM, lateral to medial; LTP/LTD, long term potentiation/depression; MEP, motor evoked potential; PA, posterior to anterior; PAS, paired associative stimulation; PprTMS, paired pulse repetitive TMS; PSTH, peri-stimulus time histogram; PTN, pyramidal tract neurone; rTMS, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation; SAI, short latency afferent inhibition; SICI, short interval intracortical inhibition; TBS, theta burst stimulation; TDCS, transcranial direct current stimulation; TES, transcranial electric stimulation; TMS, transcranial magnetic stimulation.Vincenzo Di Lazzaro is Professor of Neurology and Chair of the Department of Neurology, University Campus Bio-Medico, Rome, Italy. His main areas of research are human brain plasticity, the physiological bases of recovery in stroke, the use of neurophysiological techniques for the diagnosis of neurological disorders and the evaluation of the effects of drugs on the intact human brain. John C. Rothwell is Professor of Human Neurophysiology at UCL Institute of Neurology, London. His research concentrates on understanding the physiology and pathophysiology of human movement control in health an in ...

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“…Research in focal dystonia suggests that the impaired cortical inhibition is due to primary basal ganglia dysfunction. However, recent studies applying TMS in dopa-responsive dystonia [5] and myoclonus-dystonia (M-D) patients [6] did not fi nd evidence of abnormalities of motor cortical inhibition or facilitation, suggesting that the γ-aminobutyric acid A system is intact. One study using TMS in a small group of patients with DYT11 M-D reported neurophysiologic fi ndings suggestive of a brainstem origin [7].…”

Section: Pathophysiologymentioning

confidence: 97%

What’s new in dystonia?

Shanker

Bressman²

2009

Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep

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Several advances have been made in dystonia in both the basic science and clinical realms. Recent research has implicated dysfunctional circuitry outside of the basal ganglia, thereby broadening our understanding of the pathophysiology of dystonia. Genetic achievements include the discovery of a genetic modifier that protects against clinical expression in DYT1 and the identification of the DYT6 gene (THAP1). Several reports provided expanded descriptions of the clinical features of dystonia and its associated symptoms. Follow-up studies of deep brain stimulation, typically targeting the globus pallidus internus, have been largely positive. The success of deep brain stimulation in many cases of generalized dystonia has led to trials in other forms of dystonia, such as medically refractive cervical dystonia. This article reviews relevant recent findings in dystonia.

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Intracortical inhibition of the motor cortex in Segawa disease (DYT5)

Cited by 25 publications

References 24 publications

Premotor-motor excitability is altered in dopa-responsive dystonia

Premotor-motor excitability is altered in dopa-responsive dystonia

Corticospinal activity evoked and modulated by non‐invasive stimulation of the intact human motor cortex

What’s new in dystonia?

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