Intracortical Brain-Machine Interfaces Advance Sensorimotor Neuroscience

Schroeder, Karen E.; Chestek, Cynthia A.

doi:10.3389/fnins.2016.00291

Cited by 22 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Subjects may imagine self-motion, others-motion, wrist movement, arm movement, or hand movement without specific instruction. In addition, the familiarity factor also affects MI-BCI performance, since MI-BCI performance significantly increases for fully fledged subjects (Schroeder and Chestek, 2016 ; Subramanian et al, 2016 ). However, AO-BCI, as a visually evoked stimulus, eliminates the uncertainties of spontaneous MI-BCI.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Movement Speed Modes on Human Action Observation: An EEG Study

Luo

Chao

et al. 2018

Front. Neurosci.

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Action observation (AO) generates event-related desynchronization (ERD) suppressions in the human brain by activating partial regions of the human mirror neuron system (hMNS). The activation of the hMNS response to AO remains controversial for several reasons. Therefore, this study investigated the activation of the hMNS response to a speed factor of AO by controlling the movement speed modes of a humanoid robot's arm movements. Since hMNS activation is reflected by ERD suppressions, electroencephalography (EEG) with BCI analysis methods for ERD suppressions were used as the recording and analysis modalities. Six healthy individuals were asked to participate in experiments comprising five different conditions. Four incremental-speed AO tasks and a motor imagery (MI) task involving imaging of the same movement were presented to the individuals. Occipital and sensorimotor regions were selected for BCI analyses. The experimental results showed that hMNS activation was higher in the occipital region but more robust in the sensorimotor region. Since the attended information impacts the activations of the hMNS during AO, the pattern of hMNS activations first rises and subsequently falls to a stable level during incremental-speed modes of AO. The discipline curves suggested that a moderate speed within a decent inter-stimulus interval (ISI) range produced the highest hMNS activations. Since a brain computer/machine interface (BCI) builds a path-way between human and computer/mahcine, the discipline curves will help to construct BCIs made by patterns of action observation (AO-BCI). Furthermore, a new method for constructing non-invasive brain machine brain interfaces (BMBIs) with moderate AO-BCI and motor imagery BCI (MI-BCI) was inspired by this paper.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Different Movement Speed Modes on Human Action Observation: An EEG Study

Luo

Chao

et al. 2018

Front. Neurosci.

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“…For example, intracortical microelectrodes were used recently to allow patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to use their thoughts to control virtual neural cursors on the computer screen (Gilja et al, 2015 ). Over the past two decades, brain computer interfaces involving intracortical microelectrodes have entered clinical trials for patients with motor deficits, such as spinal cord injuries and ALS (Gilja et al, 2015 ; Schroeder and Chestek, 2016 ; Ajiboye et al, 2017 ). Unfortunately, recording quality of microelectrodes decreases within weeks and diminishes within a few years due to the complex inflammatory response observed after electrode implantation (Chestek et al, 2011 ; Jorfi et al, 2014 ; Kozai et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implantation of Neural Probes in the Brain Elicits Oxidative Stress

Ereifej

Rial

Hermann

et al. 2018

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Clinical implantation of intracortical microelectrodes has been hindered, at least in part, by the perpetual inflammatory response occurring after device implantation. The neuroinflammatory response observed after device implantation has been correlated to oxidative stress that occurs due to neurological injury and disease. However, there has yet to be a definitive link of oxidative stress to intracortical microelectrode implantation. Thus, the objective of this study is to give direct evidence of oxidative stress following intracortical microelectrode implantation. This study also aims to identify potential molecular targets to attenuate oxidative stress observed postimplantation. Here, we implanted adult rats with silicon non-functional microelectrode probes for 4 weeks and compared the oxidative stress response to no surgery controls through postmortem gene expression analysis and qualitative histological observation of oxidative stress markers. Gene expression analysis results at 4 weeks postimplantation indicated that EH domain-containing 2, prion protein gene (Prnp), and Stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1 (Scd1) were all significantly higher for animals implanted with intracortical microelectrode probes compared to no surgery control animals. To the contrary, NADPH oxidase activator 1 (Noxa1) relative gene expression was significantly lower for implanted animals compared to no surgery control animals. Histological observation of oxidative stress showed an increased expression of oxidized proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids concentrated around the implant site. Collectively, our results reveal there is a presence of oxidative stress following intracortical microelectrode implantation compared to no surgery controls. Further investigation targeting these specific oxidative stress linked genes could be beneficial to understanding potential mechanisms and downstream therapeutics that can be utilized to reduce oxidative stress-mediated damage following microelectrode implantation.

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“…The first clinical use of neural electrode technology was in 1985, when the FDA approved the use of cochlear prosthetics ( Spelman, 1999 ). Since then, clinical implementation of IME has been employed to treat patients with numerous neurological diseases and injuries, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal cord injuries ( Gilja et al, 2015 ; Schroeder and Chestek, 2016 ; Ajiboye et al, 2017 ). Unfortunately, an impediment preventing the clinical deployment of IME technology is the complex inflammatory response occurring after electrode implantation, leading to decreased recording quality ( Chestek et al, 2011 ; Jorfi et al, 2014 ; Kozai et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nano-Architectural Approaches for Improved Intracortical Interface Technologies

et al. 2018

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Intracortical microelectrodes (IME) are neural devices that initially were designed to function as neuroscience tools to enable researchers to understand the nervous system. Over the years, technology that aids interfacing with the nervous system has allowed the ability to treat patients with a wide range of neurological injuries and diseases. Despite the substantial success that has been demonstrated using IME in neural interface applications, these implants eventually fail due to loss of quality recording signals. Recent strategies to improve interfacing with the nervous system have been inspired by methods that mimic the native tissue. This review focusses on one strategy in particular, nano-architecture, a term we introduce that encompasses the approach of roughening the surface of the implant. Various nano-architecture approaches have been hypothesized to improve the biocompatibility of IMEs, enhance the recording quality, and increase the longevity of the implant. This review will begin by introducing IME technology and discuss the challenges facing the clinical deployment of IME technology. The biological inspiration of nano-architecture approaches will be explained as well as leading fabrication methods used to create nano-architecture and their limitations. A review of the effects of nano-architecture surfaces on neural cells will be examined, depicting the various cellular responses to these modified surfaces in both in vitro and pre-clinical models. The proposed mechanism elucidating the ability of nano-architectures to influence cellular phenotype will be considered. Finally, the frontiers of next generation nano-architecture IMEs will be identified, with perspective given on the future impact of this interfacing approach.

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Intracortical Brain-Machine Interfaces Advance Sensorimotor Neuroscience

Cited by 22 publications

References 80 publications

Effect of Different Movement Speed Modes on Human Action Observation: An EEG Study

Effect of Different Movement Speed Modes on Human Action Observation: An EEG Study

Implantation of Neural Probes in the Brain Elicits Oxidative Stress

Nano-Architectural Approaches for Improved Intracortical Interface Technologies

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