Intracorneal stromal hemorrhage in dogs and its associations with ocular and systemic disease: 39 cases

Abstract

Intracorneal hemorrhage is an uncommon condition in dogs that occurs in association with corneal vascularization. The risk of ICH may be increased due to certain ocular and systemic diseases. Although uncommon, ICH may also be an ocular manifestation of severe immune-mediated, infectious, and neoplastic systemic diseases in dogs.

Case report: Presumed contact lens-induced intracorneal hemorrhage in a diabetic dog

“…ICH is occasionally observed in dogs with corneal vascularization. However, those are mostly focal, not perilimbal annular patterns as shown in this report ( 6 , 7 ). In the present case, corneal neovascularization preceded contact lens use and is suspected to be associated with the healing process of corneal ulcers.…”

“…In this report, corneal pannus was found in all quadrants, which was presumed to be related to annular patterned ICH. ICH reported in dogs is limited to focal areas within 1 or 2 all corneal quadrants with no reports of ICH with an annular pattern ( 6 , 7 ). In this patient, we suspect that the main causes of ICH are, as suggested in human reports ( 4 , 5 ), the friction of the contact lens with preexisting corneal vessels and the increased fragility of newly formed vessels.…”

“…No more glycosuria was detected. Based on the results of complete physical examination and diagnostics including blood pressure, systemic bloodwork including complete blood cell count, blood gas analysis, serum chemistry, PT, and aPTT, adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test, and thyroid test (T4, fT4, TSH) that was all within normal range, we were able to rule out the following systemic diseases: hyperadrenocorticism, hypothyroidism, systemic hypertension, or coagulopathy, which could potentially be related to corneal hemorrhage in dogs other than DM ( 6 ). The patient was continued with topical ofloxacin and artificial tears for 7 more days.…”

“…There have been a few reports of ICH in dogs that were suspected to be related to other ocular or systemic diseases including keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), corneal ulcer, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism, coagulation disorder, sepsis, and neoplasia ( 6 , 7 ). To the best of our knowledge, however, ICH associated with contact lens wear has not been reported in veterinary medicine.…”

Once in a blue moon: Lipid keratopathy and intrastromal hemorrhage in a Mission golden‐eyed tree frog (Trachycephalus resinifictrix)

“…The cause of intrastromal hemorrhage was not determined, although trauma is considered probably. The presence of systemic disease may result in spontaneous hemorrhage, or an increased tendency for corneal vessels to bleed (eg, atherosclerosis); however, atherosclerosis of corneal vessels has not been described and is unlikely in corneal vessels considering the chronicity required for significant intravascular plaque to develop …”