Intraclonal Selection for Improved Processing of NB ‘Russet Burbank’ Potato

Abstract

Russet Burbank' has limited fertility and has not parented improved cultivars through traditional breeding efforts. This study showed that 'Russet Burbank' (NB clone) could be improved through selection of intraclones (somatic embryos derived from specific tuber tissues) based on field performance and/or processing characteristics. In 2005 and 2006, approx. 800 intraclones were regenerated from field-grown tubers or microtubers. Intraclones were micropropagated, acclimatized, and field-tested to identify the highest yielding lines. Each season, following storage, tubers of selected lines were tested for glucose content and French fry-processing quality. In 2007, the best intraclones from earlier seasons were increased through micropropagation and retested for yield and processing features. Approx. 2-9% of intraclones had similar yield to controls but superior processing features. Neither tuber source nor explant tissue type affected intraclone tuber yield, type, or processing characters. We recommend the incorporation of somatic embryogenesis into potato improvement programs for processing quality traits.Resumen "Russet Burbank" tiene fertilidad limitada y no ha sido progenitor que haya mejorado variedades a través de esfuerzos de mejoramiento tradicional. Este estudio demostró que "Ruset Burbank" (clon NB) pudo mejorarse por selección de intraclones (embriones somáticos derivados de tejidos específicos de tubérculo) con base en el comportamiento en el campo y/o en características de procesamiento. En 2005 y 2006, se regeneraron aproximadamente 800 intraclones de tubérculos cultivados en el campo o de microtubérculos. Los intraclones se micropropagaron, se aclimataron, y se probaron en el campo para identificar las líneas de rendimiento más alto. En cada ciclo de cultivo, después del almacenamiento, se probaron tubérculos de líneas selectas para el contenido de glucosa y de calidad de fritura para papas a la francesa. En 2007, los mejores intraclones de siembras previas se incrementaron por micropropagación y se volvieron a probar para rendimiento y características de procesamiento. Aproximadamente el 2-9% de intraclones tuvieron rendimiento similar al de los testigos pero mejores características de procesamiento. Ni la fuente del tubér-culo ni el tipo de tejido del explante (inóculo) afectaron el rendimiento de tubérculo de los intraclones, o el tipo o características del procesamiento. Recomendamos la incorporación de embriogénesis somática en los programas de mejoramiento de papa para las características de calidad en el procesamiento.

Somatic Embryogenesis for Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Improvement

“…The Seabrook group emphasized that embryogenic callus cannot be subcultured onto fresh medium for somatic embryo regeneration and fresh explants must be callused to produce SE. These findings contradict the observations of Nassar et al (2011) where embryogenic callus was recultured onto fresh medium, with high cytokinin and gibberellins and very low auxin, for continuous production of SE. Although as callus growth continued, the relative proportion of SE tended to decrease and shoot numbers increased.…”

“…Potato breeders and researchers seek to improve potato qualities, including yield, storability and processing, nutritional features including protein concentration, and disease resistance towards a range of pathogens (Beukema and Zaag 1990;Mullins et al 2006;Nassar et al 2011). Potato improvement is important to cope with the increasing world population and food scarcity, especially in developing countries (Cotes et al 2002;IYP 2008).…”

“…Tissue culture-based technology for potato improvement depends on the identification of useful genetic variation among plants using intensive screening that follows in vitro regeneration techniques (Nassar et al 2011). These variant plants were first called 'somaclonal variants' by Larkin and Scowcroft (1981).…”

“…Embroids were harvested at 2 cm in height and subcultured onto fresh medium ( Fig. 8.1; Nassar et al 2011).…”

Evolution and Management of the Irish Potato Famine Pathogen Phytophthora Infestans in Canada and the United States

“…The plants within the left two rows show the severe late blight reaction in the parental Shepody and those in the two rows on the right containing the RB gene developed very limited disease (TALEN) mediated homologous recombination (Gaj et al 2013). The resulting isogenic lines would resemble tomatoes developed for disease resistance through multiple backcrosses and clonal variants of potato selected through somatic embryogenesis (Kawchuk et al 2001;Nassar et al 2011). In addition to providing improved late blight resistance in existing and new varieties, sequence editing would facilitate the design of new late blight resistant alleles recognizing epitopes conserved in PAMPs to provide durable protection against emerging races of P. infestans.…”