Intracellular staphylococcus aureus: Live-in and let die

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus uses a plethora of virulence factors to accommodate a diversity of niches in its human host. Aside from the classical manifestations of S. aureus-induced diseases, the pathogen also invades and survives within mammalian host cells.The survival strategies of the pathogen are as diverse as strains or host cell types used. S. aureus is able to replicate in the phagosome or freely in the cytoplasm of its host cells. It escapes the phagosome of professional and non-professional phagocytes, subverts autophagy, induces cell death mechanisms such as apoptosis and pyronecrosis, and even can induce anti-apoptotic programs in phagocytes. The focus of this review is to present a guide to recent research outlining the variety of intracellular fates of S. aureus.

Fibronectin Binding Proteins SpsD and SpsL Both Support Invasion of Canine Epithelial Cells by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius

“…It promotes adhesion to ex vivo canine corneocytes, as does SpsD, although the ligand(s) recognized by SpsO remains to be identified. Invasive bacteria actively induce their own uptake by phagocytosis into normally nonphagocytic cells, where they establish a protected niche within which they can replicate (17). For example, S. aureus, usually considered an extracellular pathogen, can invade a variety of nonpro-fessional phagocytic cells, explaining its capacity to colonize mucosa and its persistence in tissue after bacteremia.…”

“…The ternary complex promotes integrin clustering and a relay of signals that result in cytoskeletal rearrangements. The rearrangements are accompanied by endocytosis of S. aureus and internalization (17).…”

Natural and ion-exchanged illite clays reduce bacterial burden and inflammation in cutaneous meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections in mice

“…Given the in vitro antibacterial activity of the leachates and SMM16, it is possible that some of the recovered organisms were killed prior to plating. Additionally, S. aureus because is known to invade host tissue and survive intracellularly (Fraunholz & Sinha, 2012), discrepancies in recovery could be due to the inaccessibility of the organisms in the wounds during swab collections. Lastly, it is possible that in vivo efficacy is associated with physical removal of the organisms from the wound.…”

Розвиток Імунної Відповіді При Стафілококовій Пневмонії (Частина 5)

“…Учитывая, что бактерии Staphylococcus aureus могут существовать как во внеклеточном про-странстве, так и внутри клетки, макроорганизм обладает различными клеточными механизмами элиминации патогена [27]. Внеклеточные бактерии Staphylococcus aureus подвергаются киллингу пре-имущественно за счет неспецифических клеточных реакций: они поглощаются и разрушаются различ-ными фагоцитами: альвеолярными макрофагами, моноцитами, дендритными клетками (DC), ней-трофилами.…”