Intracellular free Ca²⁺signals antibiotic exposure in cyanobacteria

Abstract

Intracellular free Ca2+, [Ca2+]i, is a key element of the cellular response to many abiotic and biotic stresses.

Evidence of Calcium Signaling and Modulation of the LmrS Multidrug Resistant Efflux Pump Activity by Ca2 + Ions in S. aureus

“…In addition, various Ca 2+ -binding proteins have been identified, which possess calcium binding motifs (Zhou et al, 2013;Sarkisova et al, 2014;Domínguez et al, 2015). Similar to eukaryotes, cytosolic Ca 2+ homeostasis has been demonstrated in various bacteria and cytosolic Ca 2+ transients occur in response to stimuli (Torrecilla et al, 2000;Domínguez et al, 2011;Guragain et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2013;Sarkisova et al, 2014;Bruni et al, 2017;González-Pleiter et al, 2017). During infection and inflammation processes, levels of Ca 2+ fluctuate significantly, which impact host-pathogen interactions (Van Nhieu et al, 2003;Barrán-Berdón et al, 2011;Broder et al, 2016).…”

“…Bacteria respond to environmental stimuli (oxidative stress, cold and heat, changes in pH, salinity and osmotic stress including antimicrobials) by changes in intracellular calcium ion, [Ca 2+ ]i, (Knight et al, 1991;Herbaud et al, 1998;Torrecilla et al, 2000Torrecilla et al, , 2001Naseem et al, 2009;González-Pleiter et al, 2017). Since changes in [Ca 2+ ]i are linked to gene expression (Naseem et al, 2009;Domínguez et al, 2011) and virulence (Sarkisova et al, 2005;Broder et al, 2016;Moretti et al, 2019;King et al, 2020), we hypothesize that when S. aureus cells are exposed to antibiotics or other drugs, they respond by spiking [Ca 2+ ]i, which in turn stimulates efflux pump activity.…”

Calcium Signaling in Prokaryotes

“…Later work corroborated that cytosolic Ca 2+ transients affect bacterial motility in E. coli, possibly through the phosphorylation of the Che proteins [78][79][80]. The involvement of Ca 2+ as a signal transducer in a variety of environmental conditions, where cytosolic free Ca 2+ is elevated as a result of the stimulus, has been shown in various organisms including: oxidative stress in B. subtilis [81], heat/cold shock, and salt and osmotic stress in Anabaena strain PCC7120 [14,82], carbohydrate fermentation products in E. coli [19], organic solvents, pharmaceuticals and antibiotics in cyanobacteria [16,17].…”

“…Similar to eukaryotes, bacteria maintain cytosolic free Ca 2+ within the nM range even in the presence of mM extracellular Ca 2+ [11][12][13][14][15]. Ca 2+ -stimulus-response has been documented during environmental stress, toxicants [16][17][18] carbohydrate metabolites [19,20], iron acquisition, quinolone signaling and type III secretion, which are secretory systems comprised of proteins found in pathogenic Gram negative bacteria that are used to infect eukaryotic cells [21,22]), suggesting that Ca 2+ signals are relevant to microbial physiology. Primary and secondary transporters including channels (Ca 2+ , K + , Na + ) have been identified in various genera of bacteria.…”

Impact of erythromycin on a non-target organism: Cellular effects on the freshwater microalga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata

“…Additionally, the presence of ERY in aquatic systems may cause adverse effects on aquatic, non-target organisms (Välitalo et al, 2017). In this context, it is described that ERY disturbed cyanobacterial growth (Ando et al, 2007;González-Pleiter et al, 2013, 2017aWaiser et al, 2016). ERY also inhibited the electron transport of both photosystems (PSI and PSII) of the cyanobacteria T Microcystis aeruginosa in a concentratioh-dependent way (Deng et al, 2014).…”