Intracellular Fluid Loss in Hemorrhage

Stewart, John; Rourke, G. Margaret

doi:10.1172/jci100822

Cited by 31 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…We have no explanation to offer for this event, although in previous studies (14) increase of urinary potassium during operation and anesthesia has been found. Lowering of serum potassium concentration has been reported in dogs following experimental hemorrhage without anesthesia (15) and in dogs and guinea pigs following experimental etherization (16). The approximately normal serum nonprotein nitrogen is not surprising.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Blood and Interstitial Fluid Resulting From Surgical Operation and Ether Anesthesia 1

Stewart

Rourke²

1938

J. Clin. Invest.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Much attention has been given in the past to the study of changes in the blood produced by hemorrhage. Considerably less study has been devoted to changes in body fluid resulting from ether anesthesia, though such findings as elevation of blood sugar, increase in hydrogen ion concentration of the blood, and reduction in plasma bicarbonate, have been well established. The present work presents measurements of changes in quantity, as well as concentration, of certain components of body fluid as found in 16 patients subjected to the traumatizing factors of major surgical operations and to ether anesthesia. The time chosen for obtaining data to compare with the preoperative normal values was just at the end of operation, while the patient was still anesthetized. None of the patients studied showed evidence of more than mild shock or anoxemia during the study period. METHODSOn the morning of operation, before administration of preanesthetic drugs, the fasting patient was weighed. Determinations were then made of plasma volume, body fluid "available for solution of thiocyanate" (1), hematocrit, plasma protein, serum protein and serum albumin. In addition, serum nonprotein nitrogen and serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate were measured. These determinations were repeated at the end of operation while the patient was still anesthetized and before parenteral fluid had been given. In most instances blood loss during operation was measured, using the method of Gatch and Little (2).Plasma volume was determined by the technic devel-

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Blood and Interstitial Fluid Resulting From Surgical Operation and Ether Anesthesia 1

Stewart

Rourke²

1938

J. Clin. Invest.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The number of thrombocytes decreases. The first phase is indicative of the origin of microthrombi [643,644,645,646,647,648,649,717,1179,1784]; their importance in the impairment of pulmonary function likewise needs explanation [649 a, 1641].With low perfusion rates, prestasis in the capillaries and the hypercoagulability will favor the reversible aggregation of formed blood elements [248,498,504,507,641,832,1005,1404,1405,1737,1746,1747], whereby primarily old cells are sequestrated [140], as a result the viscosity of the blood increases [515,516,1507].The kidney produces less urine or none at all; sodium excretion decreases due to increased resorption in the proximal tubules [492], whereas excretion of potassium increases [495,1389]. Electrolyte ~hanges are determined by increased secretion of aldosterone [1816].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood Replacement

Gruber¹

1969

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be translated or reproduced in any form withoutwritten permission from Springer-Verlag. © by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1969. Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 69-16845Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1969The use of general descriptive names, trade marks, etc. in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone. Title-No. 1551 Dedicated to my wife LisaEs wurde fertig in Deiner Hut. Bleib Du mir auf dieser Erden, so 5011 alles fertig werden. THOMAS MANN ForewordThe manifold problems of shock are still of great importance, diagnostic and therapeutic experience of the "severely ill" being supplied with new information almost every month. In the 5 periodicals which have found their way to my desk during the past few days there are no less than 10 interesting articles on questions concerning shock research [see Bibliography 41 b, 53 a, 60 a, 192 a, 242 a, 350 b, 810 a, 941 a, 1069 a, 1082 a]. The most urgent point still is to maintain as complete as possible the objective catalog of the various shock manifestations found in man and in animals -yet at the same time to view interpretations of these phenomena in their relative and temporal "truth".Problems of shock research are not only interesting for their scientific value but also for their clinical implication. In particular, almost every practicing physician is facing problems of blood replacement very frequently. The effective or circulating blood volume remains an important theoretical and therapeutic problem in the shock field. For years, U. F. GRUBER has pursued this question clinically and experimentally. This volume deals with the world literature in an exceptionally thorough manner. This book is made more than a compilation by including a long list of original work done with F. D. MOORE in Boston, in the Surgical Department in Chur, with L. E. GELIN and S. E. BERGENTZ in Goteborg and in the Laboratory for Experimental Surgery in Davos; judgements are made on the basis of original studies, and essential points are separated from unimportant ones. This volume will be welcomed by the medical profession because it carefully treats vital questions concerning this complicated, much-discussed, and in part contested field, considering that today, along with various forms of blood and several plasma preparations, there are more than 40 different plasma replacement substances available with various physico-chemical, biological and pharmacological properties. Older preparations have been abandoned, others modified, and new ones appear.A comparative evaluation of the chemical characteristics, the range of indication and the therapeutic effectiveness of these solutions suggests itself particularly at this time because in recent years the use of large amounts of balanced electrolyte solutions tended to reverse the principles of blood replaceme...

show abstract

“…There is a little clinical evidence that dehydration, such as may accompany loss of blood, may produce breakdown of body tissues and set up a negative nitrogen balance, "but it is at best rather unsatisfactory" (McCance, 1936), and in experimental animals there is no increase in urinary nitrogen after a haemorrhage equal to 2 to 3.5 per cent. of body weight (Stewart and Rourke, 1936). There is therefore no reason to believe that the rise in blood urea after a haemorrhage is due to excessive production of urea or to tissue breakdown, and the negative nitrogen balance is easily explained by the large amount of nitrogen lost with the blood poured into the bowel.…”

Section: Operative Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hacmatemesis and Melaena

Witts¹

1937

BMJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intracellular Fluid Loss in Hemorrhage

Cited by 31 publications

References 17 publications

Changes in Blood and Interstitial Fluid Resulting From Surgical Operation and Ether Anesthesia 1

Changes in Blood and Interstitial Fluid Resulting From Surgical Operation and Ether Anesthesia 1

Blood Replacement

Hacmatemesis and Melaena

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About