Intracellular Expression of CD69 in Endometrial and Peripheral T cells Represents a Useful Marker in Women with Recurrent Miscarriage: Modulation After Allogeneic Leukocyte Immunotherapy

Abstract

CD69 might represent a useful marker in the diagnosis and the follow up of RSA patients.

Suppressed cellular alloimmune responses in HIV-exposed seronegative female sex workers

“…Our observations are in line with previous reports suggesting peripheral alloimmune-tolerance after natural or artificial alloimmunization [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32]. Prior pretransplant blood transfusions were reported to prolong renal allograft survival [24].…”

“…Likewise, in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions, tolerance towards the fetus was achieved after alloimmunization with the male partner's PBMC [28,29]. Such alloimmune therapy resulted in decreased proliferation in maternal versus paternal MLR [30], decreased CD69 expression on T-cells [31], and a Th1 to Th2 cytokine shift [32]. The latter findings are in remarkable agreement with our results: ESN FSWs showed lower expression of CD69 and IFN-γ but not IL-10 after in vitro allostimulation.…”

Genome-wide miRNA profiling of villus and decidua of recurrent spontaneous abortion patients

“…We predicted HLA-DPB1 as a target gene of hsa-miR-520f, which was low expressed in villus (Supplementary Table 3), and just as Takakuwa et al (2003) reported HLA-DPB1 might be a risk allele for unexplained recurrent abortion in the Japanese population. From target gene results (Supplementary Table 3), hsa-miR-519a-1 upregulated in the decidua of RSA patients could target 3 0 UTR of CD69; therefore, intracellular expression of CD69 in endometrial and peripheral T cells represents a useful marker in women with recurrent miscarriage (Ramhorst et al 2003). Previous study has demonstrated that the angiogenesis in NP is very critical (Reynolds et al 1992, Chatzaki et al 2001.…”

Immunological Analogy Between Allograft Rejection, Recurrent Abortion and Pre-Eclampsia – the Same Basic Mechanism?

“…Similarly in humans, inflammatory Th1 cytokines did not seem to be as harmful as had been suggested by Th1/Th2 paradigm. It was shown that in RA patients, CD3/CD69 lymphocytes were unable to produce IFN␥ upon polyclonal stimulation [156] suggesting the possibility that dysproportion in IFN␥ secretion could account for disturbances of implantation seen in these patients. Lower levels of IL-12 produced in lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes were observed in peripheral blood and decidua of RA patients compared to normal pregnant women.…”

“…In peripheral blood of recurrent aborters (RA) compared to fertile women, activated lymphocytes having CD69ϩ phenotype were more abundant in subsets of T CD4, T CD8, effector memory and memory T cells [156]. Similarly, peripheral blood NK cells showed significantly up-regulated CD69 and down-regulated CD94 expression, indicating increased activation [157].…”