Intracellular Distribution of Catecholamines in the Brain

Weil‐Malherbe, H.; Bone, A. D.

doi:10.1038/1801050a0

Cited by 93 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Glucose was determined according to [19] using triethanolamine buffer, lactate according to [ZO] and 3-hydroxybutyrate according to [Zl]. Citrate was determined colorimetrically [22] as modified by [23]. All the enzymes and cofactors used were supplied by Boehringer & Soehne (Mannheim, Germany).…”

Section: "mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial Levels, Cardiac and Hepatic Arteriovenous Differences, Extraction Coefficients and Oxygen Extraction Ratios of Various Substrates in Normal, and in Acute and Chronic Alloxan‐Diabetic Dogs

Kraupp¹,

Adler-Kastner²,

Kolassa³

et al. 1968

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Arterial levels and cardiac and hepatic arteriovenous differences (AVD), extraction coefficients and oxygen extraction ratios of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, free fatty acids, acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, citrate and oxygen were determined simultaneously by catheter techniques in anaesthetized (chloralose-urethane) normal, and in acute and chronic alloxandiabetic dogs. The differences in mean values between the normal and the diabetic groups were tested for their significance by analysis of variance and the dependence of AVD values on their corresponding arterial levels by correlation analysis. I.The arterial levels of glucose, free fatty acids, acetoacetate an2 3-hydroxybutyrate were significantly raised in both diabetic groups. Citrate was significantly elevated only in the acute diabetic animals. Arterial pyruvate was significantly lowered in both diabetic groups. Arterial pH values of around 7.24 were found in the acute diabetic animals.2. Cardiac AVD of glucose was significantly reversed in the acute diabetic dogs. The myocardial AVD of pyruvate and lactate were positive in normal, and significantly negative (except lactate in chronic diabetes) in both diabetic groups. A significant, positive correlation between myocardial AVD and arterial levels was obtained for lactate in the normal group and for pyruvate in normal and diabetic animals. Arterial lactate/pyruvate ratios were Significantly correlated to arterial lactate and pyruvate levels in the diabetic animals. Myocardial AVD and oxygen extraction ratio values of free fatty acids were not significantly changed in the diabetic groups, but myocardial free fatty acids extraction coefficient values were significantly reduced. The myocardial AVD and oxygen extraction ratio values of acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate were significantly increased in both diabetic groups. A positive correlation between AVD and the corresponding arterial levels of free fatty acids and acetoacetate was obtained in normal dogs. Myocardial citrate AVD and oxygen extraction ratio were significantly raised in the acute diabetic animals. 3.The hepatic AVD of glucose, lactate and pyruvate were negative (release) in normal animals. No significant change in hepatic glucose AVD was found in the diabetic animals, yet the hepatic AVD of lactate and pyruvate became significantly positive (uptake). A highly significant, positive correlation between hepatic AVD and the arterial level of pyruvate was obtained in normal and in diabetic animals, the regression line of the diabetic animals being shifted to a 10-fold lower range of arterial levels. The hepatic AVD of free fatty acids was significantly raised in the acute diabetic dogs and significantly correlated to the arterial free fatty acids level in normal and diabetic animals, with almost identical regression lines. The hepatic AVD of acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate were negative in all animals but significantly more negative in the diabetic groups. A positive, significant correlation was obtained between AVD and the arterial level of a...

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Section: "mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arterial Levels, Cardiac and Hepatic Arteriovenous Differences, Extraction Coefficients and Oxygen Extraction Ratios of Various Substrates in Normal, and in Acute and Chronic Alloxan‐Diabetic Dogs

Kraupp¹,

Adler-Kastner²,

Kolassa³

et al. 1968

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…The discovery of DDC in mammalian tissue in 1938 focused levodopa research on the elucidation of the role of levodopa as a precursor to biological catecholamines, including dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline [10]. Dopamine was identified in the brains or brainstems of several species in the late 1950s [11, 12], and Carlsson et al [13 ]reported an L -dopa-induced increase in the central stimulatory action in the rabbit. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Isamu Sano and colleagues [14] published the first of a series of important papers on the distribution of catecholamines in the human brain; this research and subsequent work were extensively reviewed by Foley [15].…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Levodopa: Past, Present, and Future

2008

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Levodopa has been the mainstay of treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD) for more than 40 years. During this time, researchers have strived to optimize levodopa formulations to minimize side effects, enhance central nervous system (CNS) bioavailability, and achieve stable therapeutic plasma levels. Current strategies include concomitant treatment with inhibitors of dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) to prolong the peripheral levodopa half-life and increase CNS bioavailability. Levodopa combined with DDC inhibition is the current standard method of delivering levodopa for symptomatic treatment of PD. Recent research suggests that continuous dopaminergic stimulation that more closely approximates physiological stimulation may delay or prevent the development of motor fluctuations (‘wearing off’) and dyskinesias. Strategies currently being used to achieve more continuous dopaminergic stimulation include the combination of an oral levodopa/DDC inhibitor with a COMT inhibitor and the enteral infusion of a levodopa gel formulation. Attempts are underway to develop oral and transdermal very long-acting levodopa preparations.

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“…I n th e first p la c e M o n ta g u [1, 2] a n d W eil-M alherbe a n d B one [3] d e m o n s tra te d som e y e a rs ago th e p re se n c e of d o p am in e in th e b ra in of a n u m b e r of species in c lu d in g m a n . T h e n B ertler a n d Rosengren [4] show ed t h a t th is am in e is h ig h ly c o n c e n tra te d in c e rta in o f th e b a sa l g an g lia o f th e b r a in in la b o r a to r y species of a n im a ls.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%