Intracellular Calcification by Oral Filamentous Microorganisms

Ennever, J.

doi:10.1902/jop.1960.31.4.304

Cited by 56 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…We have notified the ATCC of the corrected identifications of C. durum strains ATCC 33449 and ATCC 33822. C. matruchotii has been used by a number of researchers as a microbiologic model for intracellular calcification (1,3,8,9,21,25). The organism has provided valuable information regarding calcification of bioprostheses (17), dental plaque (10), and the principles of membrane-mediated proteolipid-dependent calcification in vertebrate systems (2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity within Reference Strains of Corynebacterium matruchotii Includes Corynebacterium durum and a Novel Organism

et al. 2001

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Corynebacterium matruchotii has been the subject of numerous dental pathogenesis studies. The purpose of the present study was to resolve concerns about diversity within the reference strains of C. matruchotii through analysis of seven strains procured from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Analysis of whole-cell fatty acid profiles with the library generation software of Microbial ID Inc. revealed that three types of organisms have been deposited in the ATCC as C. matruchotii. These three groups of organisms were also distinguishable by DNA-DNA dot blot hybridization, by sequences of two hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, and by the pyrrolidonyl arylamidase test. These studies indicate that two C. matruchotii reference strains, ATCC 33449 and ATCC 33822, are members of the recently proposed species, Corynebacterium durum. The colonial morphology and biochemical reactions of the C. durum strains are more diverse than originally reported. Strain ATCC 43833 is unique and represents a novel species. In addition to the type strain, ATCC 14266, true members of the species C. matruchotii include ATCC strains 14265, 33806, and 43832 plus two reference strains, L2 and Richardson 13, which comprise the vast majority of strains used in dental pathogenesis research with this species.The seminal paper by Gilmour et al. (13) provided an accurate description of Bacterionema matruchotii and clearly distinguished it from members of the genus Leptotrichia and from other organisms with which it had been confused, including Cladothrix matruchotii, Leptothrix buccalis, Leptotrichia buccalis, and Leptotrichia dentium. Based on chemotaxonomic characteristics, Bacterionema matruchotii was assigned to the genus Corynebacterium by Collins et al. in 1982 (5).When this laboratory evaluated the API Rapid CORYNE identification system (Biomérieux Vitek, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.), it was discovered that reactions of Corynebacterium matruchotii had been omitted from its database (12). Since the database included most other recognized Corynebacterium species of human origin, we suspected that the developers had encountered some unresolvable discrepancies with representative strains of this species. To explore this possibility, we purchased all strains of C. matruchotii available at the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Because a large body of work has been published on the possible role of C. matruchotii in the pathogenesis of dental plaque, caries, and periodontitis, we also included two additional strains of C. matruchotii that were used in many of these studies, namely strain L2 and Richardson's strain 13 (22, 23).The present study was designed to examine the taxonomic relatedness of commercially available and other reference strains of C. matruchotii. The question was addressed on the basis of whole-cell fatty acid analyses, DNA-DNA dot blot hybridizations, sequencing of two hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene, and biochemical reactions. The results indicate that the seven ATCC strains deposited as C. matruchot...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity within Reference Strains of Corynebacterium matruchotii Includes Corynebacterium durum and a Novel Organism

et al. 2001

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“…In other reports uncertainty was expressed about whether the microorganisms actively participated or were merely passively engulfed by bone mineral (Zander et al, 1960;Gonzales and Sognnaes, 1960). However, it was Ennever (1960) who suggested that a proportion of the mineral with an X-ray diffraction pattern of apatite seemed intracellular (Takazoe et al, 1963;Takazoe and Ennever, 1969). The application above of our various modified and more advanced methods not only confirms and extrapolates upon these latter observations of a priori intracellular mineral but also they resolve detail of a previously unsuspected initial step in the mineralogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…matruchotii (NC10254) was cultured on an agar growth medium said to provide the best environment for calcifying bacteria in vitro (Ennever, 1960). Contamination with extraneous silicon was minimised by plastic vessels throughout (apart from glass flasks when autoclaving).…”

Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The medium, stored at 4 • C, comprised per litre, 37 g brain heart infusion, 15 g purified agar and 750 ml of distilled water. Adopting the formula of Ennever (1960), Medium A (calcifying) also contained 250 ml of calcifying solution giving the following final molarities in the complete growth medium: NaCl 0.7, NaHCO 3 0.22, Na 2 HPO 4 0.039, CaCl 2 0.0135, KCl 0.05. Medium B (non-calcifying control) contained all the components above, minus calcium carbonate.…”

Section: Culturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 1925 the prokaryote Corynebacterium matruchotii (then named Leptothrix buccalis) was identified in dental calculus (Bulleid, 1925). It was subsequently reported by Ennever (1960) that an oral deposit of calcium phosphate, with the characteristics of bone salt (Pautard, 1958), was produced by the bacterium in response to environmental factors. Similarly other bacteria (Actinomyces israeli, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus sanguis, S. mutans, S. salivarius and Veillonella) have been established as possessing the capacity to produce mineral deposits with an electron diffraction pattern similar to bone (Gonzales and Sognnaes, 1960;Rizzo et al, 1962) and calcified cartilage (Anderson, 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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