Intracellular and extracellular enzyme activity in soil with reference to elemental cycling

Duly, Oliver; Nannipieri, Paolo

doi:10.1002/jpln.1998.3581610310

Cited by 42 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Soil extracellular enzymes account for 40%–60% of total enzymatic activity of the soil (Duly & Nannipieri, 1998; Skujiņš & Burns, 1976), and they are called extracellular because they are stabilised in the soil matrix, that is, they have formed stable complexes with humus (the organic component), clay (the inorganic component) and/or with humus–clay complexes. For this reason their activity is decoupled from living cells, and, therefore, its correlation with microbial biomass and/or with soil respiration is usually low (Duly & Nannipieri, 1998). Hence, enzyme activity does not usually closely reflect the activity of root and microbial living cells.…”

Section: Soil Extracellular Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These factors allow higher root microbial biomass and, therefore, higher enzyme concentration, regarding both the ones produced in real time by living cells and the ones stabilised in the soil matrix. A clay soil also facilitates the complexation of soil enzymes with humus, clay, and humus–clay complexes, eventually promoting the accumulation of stabilised extracellular enzymes (Duly & Nannipieri, 1998).…”

Section: Factors Regulating Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Altered activities of extracellular soil enzymes by the interacting global environmental changes

Zuccarini

Sardans

Asensio

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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Soil enzymes are crucial in mediating ecosystems' responses to environmental drivers, so that the comprehension of their sensitivity to drivers of global change can help make predictions of future scenarios and design tailored interventions of biomanipulation. Drivers of global change usually act in combination of two or more, and indirect effects of one driver acting through modification of another one often occur, yet most of both manipulative and meta‐analysis studies available tend to focus on the direct effect of one single driver on the activity of specific soil enzymes. One of the biggest challenges is, therefore, represented by the difficulty in assessing the interactions between different drivers, due to the complexity of disentangling the single direct effects from the indirect and combined ones. In this review, after elucidating the general mechanisms of soil enzyme production and activity regulation, we display the state‐of‐the‐art knowledge on direct, indirect and combined effects of the main drivers of global change on soil enzyme activities, identify gaps in knowledge and challenges from research, plus we analyse how this can reverberate in the future of biomanipulation techniques for the improvement of ecosystem services. We conclude that qualitative but not quantitative outcomes can be predicted for some interactions such as warming + drought or warming + CO2, while for other ones, the results are controversial: future basic research will have to center on this holistic approach. A general trend toward the overall increase of soil enzyme activities and acceleration of biogeochemical cycles will persist, until an inflection will be caused by factors such as future shifts in microbial communities and changes in carbon use efficiency. Applied research will develop toward the refinement of “in situ” analytical systems for the study of soil enzyme activities and the support of bioengineering for the better tailoring of interventions of biomanipulation.

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Section: Soil Extracellular Enzymesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Factors Regulating Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered activities of extracellular soil enzymes by the interacting global environmental changes

Zuccarini

Sardans

Asensio

et al. 2023

Global Change Biology

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“…In the present study, DO served as an energy substrate to the microorganisms, hence we could observe its positive effect on the microbial community and, resultantly, on the enhanced activities of soil enzymes, the majority of which are of microbiological origin [ 85 , 87 ]. The positive correlation between the number of microorganisms and the enzymatic activity of soil is also affected by plants, which indirectly affect the synthesis of enzymes by stimulating microorganisms to grow through root secretions [ 88 , 89 ]. In turn, Burns et al [ 90 ] claimed that the preservation of high enzymatic activity in the polluted soil might be due to the sorption of exoenzymes on mineral and organic colloids.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Dactylis Glomerata and Diesel Oil in the Formation of Microbiome and Soil Enzyme Activity

Borowik

Wyszkowska

Kucharski

et al. 2020

Sensors

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The global demand for petroleum contributes to a significant increase in soil pollution with petroleum-based products that pose a severe risk not only to humans but also to plants and the soil microbiome. The increasing pollution of the natural environment urges the search for effective remediation methods. Considering the above, the objective of this study was to determine the usability of Dactylis glomerata for the degradation of hydrocarbons contained in diesel oil (DO), as well as the effects of both the plant tested and DO on the biochemical functionality and changes in the soil microbiome. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse with non-polluted soil as well as soil polluted with DO and phytoremediated with Dactylis glomerata. Soil pollution with DO increased the numbers of microorganisms and soil enzymes and decreased the value of the ecophysiological diversity index of microorganisms. Besides, it contributed to changes in the bacterial structure at all taxonomic levels. DO was found to increase the abundance of Proteobacteria and to decrease that of Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes and Firmicutes. In the non-polluted soil, the core microbiome was represented by Kaistobacter and Rhodoplanes, whereas in the DO-polluted soil, it was represented by Parvibaculum and Rhodococcus. In soil sown with Dactylis glomerata, gasoline fraction (C6–C12) degradation was higher by 17%; mineral oil (C12–C35), by 9%; benzene, by 31%; anthracene, by 12%; chrysene, by 38%; benzo(a)anthracene, by 19%; benzo(a)pyrene, by 17%; benzo(b)fluoranthene, by 15%; and benzo(k)fluoranthene, by 18% than in non-sowed soil. To conclude, Dactylis glomerata proved useful in degrading DO hydrocarbons and, therefore, may be recommended for the phytoremediation of soils polluted with petroleum-based products. It has been shown that the microbiological, biochemical and chemical tests are fast and sensitive in the diagnosis of soil contamination with petroleum products, and a combination of all these tests gives a reliable assessment of the state of soils.

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“…At the same time, decreases in soil fine 15 particles and smaller pore sizes expose microorganisms to predation by protozoa or to desiccation (Wang et al, 2015). With the coarseness of soil developed under desertification, fewer extracellular enzyme would be stabilized by soil minerals (Dilly and Nannipieri, 1998) resulting in decreasing of enzyme activities.…”

Section: Soil Coarseness Decreased Soil Microbial Biomass and Enzyme mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry and their related enzymes as affected by increased soil coarseness

Wang

Lü

Creamer

et al. 2016

Preprint

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Soil coarseness decreases ecosystem productivity, ecosystem carbon and nitrogen stocks, and soil nutrient contents in sandy grasslands. To gain insight into changes in soil carbon and nitrogen pools, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities in response to soil coarseness, a field experiment of sand addition was conducted to coarsen soil 5 with different intensities: 0% sand addition, 10%, 30%, 50%, and 70%. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen decreased with the intensification of soil coarseness across three depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, and 20-40 cm) by up to 43.9% and 53.7%, respectively. At 0-10 cm, soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) declined with soil coarseness by up to 44.1% and 51.9%, respectively, while microbial 10 biomass phosphorus (MBP) increased by as much as 73.9%. Soil coarseness significantly decreased the activities of β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, and acid phosphomonoesterase by 20.2%-57.5%, 24.5%-53.0%, and 22.2%-88.7%, respectively. Soil coarseness enhanced microbial C and N limitation relative to P, indicated by the ratios of β-glucosidase and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase to acid 15 phosphomonoesterase (and MBC:MBP and MBN:MBP ratios). As compared to laboratory measurement, values of soil parameters from theoretical sand dilution was significantly lower for soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, dissolved organic carbon, total dissolved nitrogen, available phosphorus, MBC, MBN, and MBP. Phosphorus immobilization in microbial biomass might aggravate plant P limitation in 20 nutrient-poor grassland ecosystems as affected by soil coarseness. We conclude that microbial C:N:P and enzyme activities might be good indicators for nutrient limitation 3 of microorganisms and plants.

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Intracellular and extracellular enzyme activity in soil with reference to elemental cycling

Cited by 42 publications

References 25 publications

Altered activities of extracellular soil enzymes by the interacting global environmental changes

Altered activities of extracellular soil enzymes by the interacting global environmental changes

The Role of Dactylis Glomerata and Diesel Oil in the Formation of Microbiome and Soil Enzyme Activity

Alteration of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry and their related enzymes as affected by increased soil coarseness

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