Intra-urban societal vulnerability to extreme heat: The role of heat exposure and the built environment, socioeconomics, and neighborhood stability

Uejio, Christopher K.; Wilhelmi, Olga; Golden, Jay S.; Mills, David; Gulino, Sam P.; Samenow, Jason

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2010.12.005

Cited by 376 publications

(202 citation statements)

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“…Vulnerability to the UHI effect is determined by a combination of factors, such as higher temperatures and climatological trends, demographic factors, quality of life and other socio-economic components, as well as by urban design characteristics [2,3,11,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. Therefore, data from the study area were classified according to three sets: climatic conditions/environmental data, including temperature, humidity, wind, rising sea levels, air pollutants; demographic data, including population change, demographic and socio-economic structure; and urban form data, including layout plan, building characteristics, land uses, densities, open spaces/Green Infrastructure.…”

Section: Data Analysis and Methods For The Definition Of The Vulnerabmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All of these features could have resulted in the observed intensity of UHI and climate change. Given that the felt effects of climate change depend on gender, age, education and social class [2,11,12,[38][39][40][41][44][45][46][47], the Municipality of Kalamaria has a high degree of so-called "generic vulnerability" (Table 1). This is due to the fact that it features an increased percentage of elderly (over the age of 65), higher than the average in the Prefecture of Thessaloniki.…”

Section: Climatic Conditions/environmental Data and Demographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adaptation to Climate Change through Spatial Planning in Compact Urban Areas: A Case Study in the City of Thessaloniki

Yiannakou

Salata

2017

Sustainability

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Abstract:One of the problems urban areas are facing is the coupled effect of climate change and the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. This article attempts to demonstrate the potential of spatial planning to reduce the UHI effect and, hence, to contribute to climate change adaptation in compact urban areas. After a brief review of the relevant literature, the article focuses on one case study within the compact urban area of the city of Thessaloniki. The geographical, socio-economic and urban form data of the study area and its subsequent vulnerability to UHI were initially assessed. Based on these features, a local spatial planning strategy is proposed, and the study proceeds to a detailed amendment of the land use plan, within part of the vulnerable zone. This takes into account the existing urban form, the lack of resources and the availability of the spatial planning tools within the Greek spatial planning system. The main purpose of this article is to highlight the fact that, even in urban areas where the potential for intervention seems to be marginal, because of their existing form, the complexities of the local planning system and resource limitations, improvements to the UHI effect and adaptation to climate change can be achieved by better land use planning and urban design.

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Section: Data Analysis and Methods For The Definition Of The Vulnerabmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Climatic Conditions/environmental Data and Demographic Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Adaptation to Climate Change through Spatial Planning in Compact Urban Areas: A Case Study in the City of Thessaloniki

Yiannakou

Salata

2017

Sustainability

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“…The important question about the effects of minimum and maximum temperatures has rarely been evaluated using urban LST because there have been many fewer studies that consider LST and most of them exclusively used either daytime (e.g. Harlan et al 2013) or nighttime data (Uejio et al 2011). One exception was Laaidi et al (2012), who examined minimum, mean, and maximum surface temperatures, and found that minimum temperature was associated with heat deaths among the elderly during a heat wave in Paris.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro-scale urban surface temperatures are related to land-cover features and residential heat related health impacts in Phoenix, AZ USA

et al. 2015

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Context With rapidly expanding urban regions, the effects of land cover changes on urban surface temperatures and the consequences of these changes for human health are becoming progressively larger problems. Objectives We investigated residential parcel and neighborhood scale variations in urban land surface temperature, land cover, and residents' perceptions of landscapes and heat illnesses in the subtropical desert city of Phoenix, AZ USA. MethodsWe conducted an airborne imaging campaign that acquired high resolution urban land surface temperature data (7 m/pixel) during the day and night. We performed a geographic overlay of these data with high resolution land cover maps, parcel boundaries, neighborhood boundaries, and a household survey. Results Land cover composition, including percentages of vegetated, building, and road areas, and values for NDVI, and albedo, was correlated with residential parcel surface temperatures and the effects differed between day and night. Vegetation was more effective at cooling hotter neighborhoods. We found -015-0284-3 consistencies between heat risk factors in neighborhood environments and residents' perceptions of these factors. Symptoms of heat-related illness were correlated with parcel scale surface temperature patterns during the daytime but no corresponding relationship was observed with nighttime surface temperatures. Conclusions Residents' experiences of heat vulnerability were related to the daytime land surface thermal environment, which is influenced by micro-scale variation in land cover composition. These results provide a first look at parcel-scale causes and consequences of urban surface temperature variation and provide a critically needed perspective on heat vulnerability assessment studies conducted at much coarser scales.Landscape Ecol (2016) 31:745-760 DOI 10.1007/s10980

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“…Freetown has a total area of 357 km 2 and a population of 772,873, constituting 15.53% of the total Sierra Leonean population [33]. From the projected population of local administrative data from 2005 to 2014 (http://statistics.sl), out of 6,348,350 populations in Sierra Leone, 27.14% lives in urban areas, with 16.4% living in Freetown and 4% living in Bo [33]. In Sierra Leone, the national census should be done once every 10 years.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Responses of Land Surface Temperature to Long-Term Land Use/Cover Changes between a Coastal and Inland City: A Case of Freetown and Bo Town in Sierra Leone

Tarawally

Hou

et al. 2018

Remote Sensing

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Urban growth and its associated expansion of built-up areas are expected to continue through to the twenty second century and at a faster pace in developing countries. This has the potential to increase thermal discomfort and heat-related distress. There is thus a need to monitor growth patterns, especially in resource constrained countries such as Africa, where few studies have so far been conducted. In view of this, this study compares urban growth and temperature response patterns in Freetown and Bo town in Sierra Leone. Multispectral Landsat images obtained in 1998, 2000, 2007, and 2015 are used to quantify growth and land surface temperature responses. The contribution index (CI) is used to explain how changes per land use and land cover class (LULC) contributed to average city surface temperatures. The population size of Freetown was about eight times greater than in Bo town. Landsat data mapped urban growth patterns with a high accuracy (Overall Accuracy > 80%) for both cities. Significant changes in LULC were noted in Freetown, characterized by a 114 km 2 decrease in agriculture area, 23 km 2 increase in dense vegetation, and 77 km 2 increase in built-up area. Between 1998 and 2015, built-up area increased by 16 km 2 , while dense vegetation area decreased by 14 km 2 in Bo town. Average surface temperature increased from 23.7 to 25.5 • C in Freetown and from 24.9 to 28.2 • C in Bo town during the same period. Despite the larger population size and greater built-up extent, as well as expansion rate, Freetown was 2 • C cooler than Bo town in all periods. The low temperatures are attributed to proximity to sea and the very large proportion of vegetation surrounding the city. Even close to the sea and abundant vegetation, the built-up area had an elevated temperature compared to the surroundings. The findings are important for formulating heat mitigation strategies for both inland and coastal cities in developing countries.

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Intra-urban societal vulnerability to extreme heat: The role of heat exposure and the built environment, socioeconomics, and neighborhood stability

Cited by 376 publications

References 53 publications

Adaptation to Climate Change through Spatial Planning in Compact Urban Areas: A Case Study in the City of Thessaloniki

Adaptation to Climate Change through Spatial Planning in Compact Urban Areas: A Case Study in the City of Thessaloniki

Micro-scale urban surface temperatures are related to land-cover features and residential heat related health impacts in Phoenix, AZ USA

Comparative Analysis of Responses of Land Surface Temperature to Long-Term Land Use/Cover Changes between a Coastal and Inland City: A Case of Freetown and Bo Town in Sierra Leone

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