Intra‐urban differences in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in southern India – the Chennai Urban Population Study (CUPS No. 4)

Mohan, Viswanathan; Shanthirani, S; Deepa, R; Premalatha, G.; Sastry, Nadiminty Ganapathi; Raghavan, Subharekha

doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00421.x

Cited by 197 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, there are inter-state differences in energy intake (21) . An earlier study from the Centre (CUPS) (22) conducted in 1997 had shown energy intake of 7456 kJ/d (1782 kcal/d; measured by FFQ), while in the present study, an intake of 10 393 kJ/d (2484 kcal/d) was observed among the present Chennai urban participants, predominantly leading a sedentary lifestyle (75 % of the participants were physically inactive) (20) . Although the energy intake seems to be higher in the present study, methodological constraints and differences in sampling frames limit further interpretation of this finding.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Dietary profile of urban adult population in South India in the context of chronic disease epidemiology (CURES – 68)

Radhika

Sathya

Ganesan

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: Few dietary surveys have been done with reference to chronic diseases, such as diabetes, in India, which is considered to be the diabetes capital of the world. We report on the dietary intake of urban adults living in Chennai, South India. Design: A population-based cross-sectional study. Setting: A representative population of urban Chennai in southern India. Subjects: The study population comprised 2042 individuals aged $20 years selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological Study (CURES). Dietary intake was measured using a validated and previously published interviewer-administered semi-quantitative meal-based FFQ. Results: The mean daily energy intake was 10 393 (SD 2347) kJ (male: 10 953 (SD 2364) kJ v. female: 9832 (SD 233) kJ). Carbohydrates were the major source of energy (64 %), followed by fat (24 %) and protein (12 %). Refined cereals contributed to the bulk of the energy (45?8 %), followed by visible fats and oils (12?4 %) and pulses and legumes (7?8 %). However, energy supply from sugar and sweetened beverages was within the recommended levels. Intake of micronutrient-rich foods, such as fruit and vegetable consumption (265 g/d), and fish and seafoods (20 g/d), was far below the FAO/WHO recommendation. Dairy and meat products intake was within the national recommended intake. Conclusions: The diet of this urban South Indian population consists mainly of refined cereals with low intake of fish, fruit and vegetables, and all of these could possibly contribute to the risk of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes in this population. At the end of 20th century, India had rapid progress in controlling communicable diseases and the socioeconomic status of people has shown marked improvement. However, ageing of the population and altered lifestyles (unhealthy diets and physical inactivity) have contributed to the increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, obesity and CVD (1) . According to recent estimates, India leads the world with the largest number of persons with type 2 diabetes (50?8 million) (2) . In all, 53 % of all deaths and 44 % of disability-adjusted life-years lost in India in 2005 could be attributed to chronic disease (including cancer, coronary artery disease, CVD, hypertension and diabetes) (3) . The common factors with regard to diabetes and its rising prevalence rates are increased insulin resistance, stronger genetic factors and environmental factors, particularly those associated with urbanisation (4) . Although genetic factors (5) and physical inactivity (6) have been shown to explain, at least in part, the diabetes epidemic, there is paucity of data on the dietary intake of the population. In many developing countries, food-related policies continue to focus only on undernutrition, and do not address the prevention of chronic diseases, which are primarily due to overnutrition (7,8) . Moreover, large national surveys such as National Sample Survey Organization do not provide an insight into the actual dietary intak...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Dietary profile of urban adult population in South India in the context of chronic disease epidemiology (CURES – 68)

Radhika

Sathya

Ganesan

et al. 2010

Public Health Nutr.

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“…[ There was an increase in prevalence of diabetes in Indian urban population due to life style changes which pertained to changes in socioeconomic status [14]. Several studies from the world and India have also tried to find out prevalence of different complications of DM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Western Indian Type 2 Diabetic Population: A Hospital – based Cross – Sectional Study

Ramavat¹

2013

JCDR

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Context: Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) can be defined as a damage which is caused to microvasculature in the retina by prolonged hyperglycaemia. Various studies have been conducted in south India, to find out prevalence of DR. It remains a less explored domain among type 2 diabetic patients in western India.Objectives: (1) To assess prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 DM in western Indian population. and (2) To find out effect of duration of diabetes on severity of DR in this population.Study Design: A hospital -based, cross -sectional study. Material and Methods:A total of 168 patients with type 2 DM underwent detailed opthalmoscopic examinations for DR. The ETDRS classification was followed to categorize retinopathy in different stages. Results:We observed that overall, prevalence of DR in type 2 patients of western India was 33.9%. Prevalences of nonproliferative DR and proliferative DR were 25.5% and 8.33% respectively. Statistically significant differences (p value<0.05) were observed between prevalences of DR in each group of patients which was classified, and duration of diabetes. Prevalence of CSME (clinically significant macular oedema) was 6.5%. Associated hypertension showed a statistically significant (p value<0.05%), higher prevalence of DR. Conclusion:This study concluded that prevalence of DR in type 2 DM patients of western India was 33.9% and that it increased with duration of diabetes. Associated hypertension is a risk factor for development of

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“…Occupation-based physical activity might be related to socioeconomic status, with the moderate-heavy category representing poorer skilled and unskilled laborers, and it is known that BMI can be associated with socio-economic status. 29 Among women, occupation-related physical activity was judged to be inappropriate for two reasons. First, it is unlikely in the Palestinian context to find women involved in occupations involving heavy physical activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity in a rural and an urban Palestinian West Bank population

et al. 2003

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and 4 Oslo, Norway OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of obesity, household food consumption patterns, physical activity patterns and smoking between a rural and an urban community in the Palestinian West Bank and to describe the associations of the latter factors with body mass index (BMI). DESIGN: A population-based cross-sectional survey in a rural and an urban Palestinian West Bank community. SUBJECTS: A total of 549 women and 387 men aged 30 -65 y, excluding pregnant women. MEASUREMENTS: Obesity was defined as BMI ! 30 kg=m 2 . RESULTS: The prevalence of obesity was 36.8 and 18.1% in rural women and men, respectively, compared with 49.1 and 30.6% in urban women and men, respectively. The mean difference (s.e) in BMI levels was 1.6 (0.52) kg=m 2 between urban and rural women and 0.9 (0.46) kg=m 2 in men. At the household level, the mean energy consumption from 25 selected food items was 13.8 MJ (3310 kcal)=consumption unit=day in the rural community compared to 14.5 MJ (3474 kcal)=consumption unit=day in the urban community (P ¼ 0.021). BMI was positively associated with age in both men and women and with urban residence in women. BMI was negatively associated with smoking and physical activity in men and with educational level in women. CONCLUSION: BMI was associated with urban residence in women after adjusting for age, smoking, education, physical activity and nutrition-related variables, suggesting that the differences in the conventional determinants of obesity could not fully explain the difference in the prevalence of obesity between the two communities. Among men, the measured determinants explained the rural -urban differences in BMI.

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Intra‐urban differences in the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in southern India – the Chennai Urban Population Study (CUPS No. 4)

Abstract: Significant differences exist in the prevalence of various components of the metabolic syndrome even within an urban environment and this appears to be influenced by socioeconomic status.

Cited by 197 publications

References 21 publications

Dietary profile of urban adult population in South India in the context of chronic disease epidemiology (CURES – 68)

Dietary profile of urban adult population in South India in the context of chronic disease epidemiology (CURES – 68)

Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in Western Indian Type 2 Diabetic Population: A Hospital – based Cross – Sectional Study

Obesity in a rural and an urban Palestinian West Bank population

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