Intra-population terpene polymorphism of Thymus pulegioides L.: Evidence for seven chemotypes in a German limestone grassland

Wester, Petra; Möseler, Bodo Maria; Knöß, Werner

doi:10.1016/j.bse.2020.104173

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Thymol (22.89%) is the main compound, followed by para -cymene (14.57%), thymol methyl ether (11.19%), isothymol methyl ether (10.45%), and beta-bisabolene (9.53%) ( Table 2 ), suggesting that the sample belongs to the thymol chemotype. The thymol chemotype, rich in thymol and its precursors ( para -cymene and gamma-terpinene), and derivatives (thymol methyl ether), was also reported in Germany, Poland, Hungary, and Italy [ 16 , 56 , 57 , 58 ]. In contrast with our findings, Pavel et al [ 14 ] documented the carvacrol type for T. pulegioides growing wild in Romania.…”

Section: Results Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among genus species, Thymus vulgaris L., T. zygis L., T. serpyllum L., and T. pulegioides L. are the most important commercial thyme species globally [ 12 ]. T. pulegioides is found throughout Europe [ 11 ], and due to the aromatic and antimicrobial properties of its oil [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ], it is used as a medicinal plant, cosmetic and spice [ 16 , 17 , 18 ]. In Romania, the Thymus genus includes one cultivated aromatic species ( Thymus vulgaris ) and another 18 wild species (e.g., T. pannonicus , T. glabrescens , T. pulegioides , T. austriacus ) [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Thymus pulegioides Essential Oil

Jianu¹,

Rusu

Muntean

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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The study was designed to analyze and evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the essential oils of Thymus pulegioides L. grown in Western Romania. Thymus pulegioides L. essential oil (TPEO) was extracted by steam distillation (0.71% v/w) using a Craveiro-type apparatus. GC-MS investigation of the TPEO identified 39 different compounds, representing 98.46% of total oil. Findings revealed that thymol (22.89%) is the main compound of TPEO, followed by para-cymene (14.57%), thymol methyl ether (11.19%), isothymol methyl ether (10.45%), and beta-bisabolene (9.53%). The oil exhibits good antibacterial effects; C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, S. pyogenes, and S. aureus were the most sensitive strains. The antioxidant activity of TPEO was evaluated by peroxide and thiobarbituric acid value, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), [2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium] (ABTS) radical scavenging assay, and beta-carotene/linoleic acid bleaching testing. The antioxidative data recorded reveal, for the first time, that TPEO inhibits primary and secondary oxidation products, in some particular conditions, better than butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) with significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). Moreover, TPEO antioxidant capabilities in DPPH and ABTS assays outperformed alpha-tocopherol (p < 0.001) and delta-tocopherol (p < 0.001). Molecular docking analysis revealed that one potential target correlated with the TPEO antimicrobial activity was d-alanine-d-alanine ligase (DDl). The best scoring ligand, linalyl anthranilate, shared highly similar binding patterns with the DDl native inhibitor. Furthermore, molecular docking analysis also showed that the main constituents of TPEO are good candidates for xanthine oxidase and lipoxygenase inhibition, making the essential oil a valuable source for protein-targeted antioxidant compounds. Consequently, TPEO may represent a new potential source of antioxidant and antibacterial agents with applicability in the food and pharmaceutic industries.

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Section: Results Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Thymus pulegioides Essential Oil

Jianu¹,

Rusu

Muntean

et al. 2022

Antioxidants

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“…pulegioides has a lemon aroma, which indicates high content of α-terpinelol, and raw material of Th. marschallianus has a spicy aroma (Sárosi et al, 2012;Vaičiulytė et al, 2016;Wester et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quality of herbal raw material depends on growth conditions, which affect the size of plants, sex (gynodioecy) and age structure of populations, and also the resource potential of species of Thymus genus (Stakelien & Ložien, 2014;Kryvtsova et al, 2019;Talebi et al, 2019;Penkovska, 2020). Furthermore, not only morphologically close species, but also various populations of one species have different quantitative and qualititative compositions of essential oils, which sometimes reduces the quality of HRM (Sárosi et al, 2012;Vaičiulytė et al, 2016;Wester et al, 2020;Boyko & Brygadyrenko, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic traits of medicinal herbal raw material of species of Thymus genus

Hrytsyna

Skybitska

Novikevich

2022

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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The paper presents the peculiarities of morphological-anatomical structure of the organs, which are diagnostic traits of herbal raw materials (HRM) of the commonest species of Thymus L. genus in the moderate climatic zone. We determined that the studied species develop a subshrub life form, which grows monopodially in Th. pulegioides and Th. marschallianus, and sympodially with mono-, di- and polycyclic types of monocarpic shoots in Th. serpyllum. Inflorescence is of thyrsoid type with opposite partial inflorescences, which are constituents of simple dichasia with monochasia. Macroscopic and microscopic diagnostic features of the HRM are structure and pubescence on the stem, leaves and flowers, the anatomical structure of which was studied on 20 µm thick transversal sections using a light microscope. In Th. pulegioides, stems are tetrahedral, pubescent on ribs with unicellular and two-cellular elbow-shaped hairs. Leaves are ovoid, covered by multiangular epidermis that bears diacytic stromas, sharpened capitate unicellular and two-cellular hairs and 10–12 cellular essential oil glandules. In Th. marschallianus, the stems are poorly tetrahedral, rounded, pubescent on the entire surface. Leaves are elliptic, the cells of the epidermis are elongated, significantly tortuous, with 10–12 cellular glandules, diacytic stromas, capitate and unicellular hairs. In Th. serpyllum, the stems are cylindric, pubescent all round. The leaves are elongated-elliptic, epidermis cells are oval, tortuous, stromas are diacytic, essential oil glandules are 8–10 cellular, number of papilla-like hairs is low. The petioles and lamina base of the studied species are pubescent on the sides with short, coned and elbow-shaped, 2–3 cellular hairs, among which there are long, 4–8 cellular hairs; the hairs in Th. serpyllum are multicellular, interrupted. In mesophyll, there are schizogenous essential oil reservoirs. In Th. marschallianus and Th. pulegioídes, the calyx is campanulate, bilabiate, and pubescent. The flower corolla is purple-violet, bilabiate, has tube and outward bend, pubescent inside with coned unicellular hairs, has essential oil glandules and glandular capitate hairs, and pubescence in the fauces comprises long unicellular hairs. In Th. pulegioídes, cells of the corolla epidermis are multiangular-shaped with insignificantly wavy walls, in Th. marschallianus ‒ rectangular with significantly wavy walls. Cells of the tube epidermis are rectangular, tortuous. Surface of the corolla of Th. serpyllum is pubescent on both sides with short, cone-like and three-cellular, interrupted hairs, and also capitate hairs, and has essential oil glandules. Epidermis cells are multi-angular, tubes – rectangular and narrow. The obtained results may be used for diagnostics of HRM of morphologically similar species during their preparation.

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“…Plants have different chemotypes as genetic factors and environmental conditions cause permanent changes in the chemical composition of their essential oils [ 9 ]. The major components of REOs are proven to be α-pinene, 1,8-cineole, camphor, verbenone, borneol, and limonene [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening of Rosemary Essential Oils with Different Phytochemicals for Antioxidant Capacity, Keratinocyte Cytotoxicity, and Anti-Proliferative Activity

Huang

Ding

et al. 2023

Molecules

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Nowadays, the demand for rosemary essential oils (REOs) in the cosmetic, food, and pharmaceutical industries is increasing, and the abundant germplasm resources of rosemary provide more possibilities for functional applications. The REOs from six cultivars were selected to evaluate and compare their bioactivities. REOs have good cellular antioxidant activity in scavenging reactive oxygen species, and the technology for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS)-random forest multivariate model indicated that ‘Dutch Mill’ REO has the best antioxidant activity, which is closely related to its verbenone content. In addition, α-pinene-dominant REOs are more toxic to human keratinocytes, which is closely related to the content of α-pinene, as revealed by multivariate analyses. Moreover, anti-proliferative assays on six cancer cell lines showed that all REOs have a higher anti-proliferative ability against human pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 and gastric epithelial cell line NCI-N87. Among them, ‘Miss Jessopp’s Upright’ and ‘Blue Lagoon’ REOs exhibit more prominent anti-proliferative activity. Our study provides a reference value for exploring the application potential of different REOs by evaluating their differences in chemical composition and bioactivity.

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Intra-population terpene polymorphism of Thymus pulegioides L.: Evidence for seven chemotypes in a German limestone grassland

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Thymus pulegioides Essential Oil

In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Potential of Thymus pulegioides Essential Oil

Diagnostic traits of medicinal herbal raw material of species of Thymus genus

Screening of Rosemary Essential Oils with Different Phytochemicals for Antioxidant Capacity, Keratinocyte Cytotoxicity, and Anti-Proliferative Activity

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