Intra-Network Clock Synchronization for Wireless Networks: From State of the Art Systems to an Improved Solution

Krummacker, Dennis; Fischer, Christoph; Alam, Khurshid; Karrenbauer, Michael; Melnyk, Sergiy; Schotten, Hans D.; Chen, Peng; Tang, Siyu

doi:10.1109/iccci49374.2020.9145977

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…One of the main challenges in SFRA algorithm is to guarantee that the nodes are well synchronized. We assume that the system is well synchronized, where the clock drift which is the result of the clock skew (the difference between the two clocks frequency [17]) is approximately negligible. The capturing phenomenon will be as follows:…”

Section: Sfra Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Data Reduction Technique in WVSN for Smart Agriculture

Koteich

Salim²,

Mitton

2022

2022 18th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob)

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Nowadays, to improve animal well-being in livestock farming applications, a wireless video sensor network (WVSN) can be deployed for surveillance and livestock monitoring to early detect injury or Asiatic hornets attacks [1]. They are composed of small embedded video and camera motes that capture video frames periodically and send them to a specific node called a sink. Sending all the captured images to the sink consumes a lot of energy on every sensor and may cause a bottleneck at the sink level. Energy consumption and bandwidth limitation are two important challenges in WVSNs because of the limited energy of nodes and the medium scarcity.In this work, we exploit the Spatio-temporal correlation between neighboring nodes to reduce the number of captured frames. For that purpose, Synchronization with Frame Rate Adaptation SFRA algorithm is introduced where overlapping nodes capture frames in a synchronized fashion every N − 1 period, where N is the number of overlapping sensor nodes. The results show more than 90% data reduction, surpassing other techniques in the literature at the level of the number of sensed frames by 20% at least.

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Section: Sfra Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-Temporal Data Reduction Technique in WVSN for Smart Agriculture

Koteich

Salim²,

Mitton

2022

2022 18th International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications (WiMob)

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“…Therefore, the time for message propagation between devices is not constant, but can vary greatly, in contrast to cables. Therefore, [2], [9] summarize concepts for time synchronization of wireless systems, the latter focusing on IEEE 802.11 WLAN. In addition, a concept of an improved time synchronization by estimating the distance to the access point (AP) using the station's receive power [9] was proposed.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, [2], [9] summarize concepts for time synchronization of wireless systems, the latter focusing on IEEE 802.11 WLAN. In addition, a concept of an improved time synchronization by estimating the distance to the access point (AP) using the station's receive power [9] was proposed. Furthermore, a concept for integrating Precision Time Protocol (PTP) and IEEE 802.11 using the RBIS protocol was presented [10] and evaluated [11].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending Reference Broadcast Infrastructure Synchronization Protocol in IEEE 802.11 as Enabler for the IIoT

Gundall,

Huber,

Melnyk

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Realizing the industrial Internet of Things, more and more mobile use cases will emerge in the industrial landscape, requiring both novel concepts and smooth integration into legacy deployments.Since accurate time synchronization is particularly challenging for wireless devices, we propose a concept for simple but accurate synchronization in IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network that extends the Reference Broadcast Infrastructure Synchronization protocol, and a suitable integration of IEEE 802.1AS that is part of the IEEE time-sensitive networking standards. In addition, the concept is evaluated with a testbed using commercial off-theshelf hardware and a realistic discrete automation demonstrator equipped mostly with industrial components. By using the aforementioned devices for wireless communications, this concept can be directly applied in existing industrial solutions, thus achieving the proposed results. It is shown that the achieved synchronicity is suitable for a wide range of mandatory mobile use cases, which are most important for a fully functional industrial Internet of Things.

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“…Therefore, the time synchronization of wireless systems requires other approaches. The different possibilities for time synchronization of wireless communications are described in [16], while [5] focuses on IEEE 802.11 WLAN. Furthermore, [16] proposed a concept to adopt the state-of-the-art by using the received power of the station in order to estimate the distance to the AP.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The different possibilities for time synchronization of wireless communications are described in [16], while [5] focuses on IEEE 802.11 WLAN. Furthermore, [16] proposed a concept to adopt the state-of-the-art by using the received power of the station in order to estimate the distance to the AP. In addition, [17] focuses on the integration of Precision Time Protocol (PTP), that has been defined in IEEE 1588 [18] and IEEE 802.11 using Reference Broadcast Infrastructure Synchronization (RBIS) protocol.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration of IEEE 802.1AS-based Time Synchronization in IEEE 802.11 as an Enabler for Novel Industrial Use Cases

Gundall¹,

Huber²,

Melnyk³

2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Industry 4.0 introduces new use cases, with more and more mobile devices appearing in the industrial landscape. These applications require both new technologies and smooth integration into existing "brownfield" deployments. Emerging mobile use cases can be divided into optional mobile and mandatory mobile, where the first point considers the use of wireless communications due to soft criteria such as cost savings and the second means use cases that cannot be covered by wireline technologies due to their movement, such as AGVs. For most industrial applications, high determinism, E2E latency and synchronicity are most important. Therefore, we provide a common table, based on these requirements, listing both existing and emerging mobile use cases. Since time synchronization is particularly demanding for wireless use cases, we propose a concept for a simple but precise synchronization in IEEE 802.11 wireless local area network (WLAN) and a suitable integration using TSN in combination with OPC UA technology as examples. Furthermore, the concept is evaluated with the help of a testbed utilizing state-of-the-art hardware. This means that this concept can be directly applied in existing industry solutions. It can be shown that the concept is already suitable for a wide range of the mandatory mobile applications.

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Intra-Network Clock Synchronization for Wireless Networks: From State of the Art Systems to an Improved Solution

Cited by 8 publications

References 10 publications

Spatio-Temporal Data Reduction Technique in WVSN for Smart Agriculture

Spatio-Temporal Data Reduction Technique in WVSN for Smart Agriculture

Extending Reference Broadcast Infrastructure Synchronization Protocol in IEEE 802.11 as Enabler for the IIoT

Integration of IEEE 802.1AS-based Time Synchronization in IEEE 802.11 as an Enabler for Novel Industrial Use Cases

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