Intra-Individual Variability of Normal and Educable Mentally Retarded Children on a Coincidence Timing Task

McGown, Carl; Dobbins, D. Alan; Rarick, G. Lawrence

doi:10.1080/00222895.1973.10734965

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In short the timing responses became advanced similar to that developed in the case of the EMR children in the study by McGowan, Dobbins, and Rarick [8]. It is consistent that if a normal subject can become similar in timing response to a retardate by use of a depressant, then the retardate should show more normal characteristics with respect to timing responses by application of a stimulant.…”

Section: Inputsupporting

confidence: 53%

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Computer Simulation of a Cybernetic Model of Man in His Cultural Environment

Ricci

Wilson²

1978

Journal of Cybernetics

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There have been many attempts over the past few years by psychologists, philosophers, mathematicians, scientists, computer scientists, and others to contribute to the social realm by offering their expertise in solving the problems confronting society and individual man. A few years ago Fred J. Ricci wrote an article [21J, in which a model of a human was attempted based on computer theory and verified with experimental findings, This paper is an extension of that work including a model on a hybrid computer that can be displayed on a modern display system (CRT). The model and research discussed in this paper is based on the principles of cybernetics and lend to conclusions which show the relationship between man's reflective and logical thought processes. Experimentation is carried out using the model developed to show the relationship of a time varying cultural environment, the input man receives from his sensors and the resultant action taken. The paper also reviews other feedback models related to behavior.

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Section: Inputsupporting

confidence: 53%

“…The state of a given system is independent of any other system, because Is is purely a function of that system. Hypothesis 1 is supported by questions 5, 8, and 9 although only 66.7% felt that decisions are based on inputs [8]. Hypothesis 2 is supported by questions 2, 5, and 10.…”

Section: Applicable Studiesmentioning

confidence: 80%

Computer Simulation of a Cybernetic Model of Man in His Cultural Environment

Ricci

Wilson²

1978

Journal of Cybernetics

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“…Recent studies involving reaction time or coi[lcidence-timing tasks have indicated that the within-subject variability (or variable error, VE) of the retarded is also greater than that of intellectually normal children (Baumeister & Kellas, 1968;Berkson & Baumeister, 1967;Caffrey, Jones, & Hinkle, 1971;McGown, Dobbins, & Rarick, 1973;Weaver & Raveris, 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The Performance of Intellectually Normal and Educable Mentally Retarded Boys on Tests of Throwing Accuracy

Dobbins

Rarick²

1977

Journal of Motor Behavior

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Educable retarded (n =71) and intellectually normal (n =71) boys were measured for both vertical and horizontal errors on an overarm throwing task. The accuracy of throwing errors in terms of the total variance about the target of the intellectually normal boys was superior to that of the retarded boys. Variable errors and constant errors (absolute values) of the retarded boys were greater than those measures for the normals. The relative contributions of variable error to the total variance of the retarded boys were not substantially greater on either horizontal or vertical measures than were those for the normals. These findings did not support the variability hypothesis (Baumeister, 1968) which states that variable error contributes more to the performance levels of retarded than of normals.

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“…Beyond the almost trivial observation that retarded children seem to perform less well than their normal peers (Rarick, 1973), no research has attempted to investigate the possible variation in the response parameters of motor-skill behavior. The only issue that has received some empirical attention has been that of response variability (McGown, Dobbins, & Rarick, 1973).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coincidence Anticipation of Young Normal and Handicapped Children

Wade

1980

Journal of Motor Behavior

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Two coincident-timing experiments examined the role of three different target velocities and display extents and three age levels of normal and retarded children. Subjects made a ballistic response to a target moving horizontally across their visual field. In the first experiment there were generally no clear differences between normal and retarded children on the task, with subjects having difficulty for both the slow and fast target speeds. In the second experiment, with target velocity held constant, no significant differences were reported between normal and handicapped children, although the longer the subjects were allowed to view the target the more accurate they were. The data were discussed in terms of the response strategies to perform anticipatory ballistic movements. An ecological issue was raised which suggested that children as well as adults make their most accurate anticipations when confronted with velocity problems that have been experienced in their everyday world.

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Intra-Individual Variability of Normal and Educable Mentally Retarded Children on a Coincidence Timing Task

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Computer Simulation of a Cybernetic Model of Man in His Cultural Environment

Computer Simulation of a Cybernetic Model of Man in His Cultural Environment

The Performance of Intellectually Normal and Educable Mentally Retarded Boys on Tests of Throwing Accuracy

Coincidence Anticipation of Young Normal and Handicapped Children

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