Intra-Household Handling and Consumption Dynamics of Milk in Peri-Urban Informal Markets in Tanzania and Kenya: A Gender Lens

Galiè, Alessandra; Farnworth, Cathy Rozel; Njiru, Nelly; Alonso, Silvia

doi:10.3390/su13063449

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…McNamara and Wood ( 2019 ) also found that age and gender‐differentiated taboos affected the intake of certain foods which are central to the Tajik diet. In terms of decision making, Galiè et al ( 2020 ) also concluded that the woman's limited decision‐making power had significant effect on nutritious diet (milk intake) of the entire family. These findings point to the fact that gender could be an important factor in yam preference and consumption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of gender on end‐user preferences for yam quality descriptors

Effah-Manu

Wireko‐Manu

Agbenorhevi

et al. 2022

Food Science & Nutrition

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Yam is a major economic crop in Ghana and has contributed significantly to the economy by meeting household food needs and foreign exchange earnings. In West and Central Africa, yams contribute to the income and food of more than 60 million people (Asiedu & Sartie, 2010). The most important yam species cultivated in Ghana are D. rotundata (poir), D. alata (water yam), D. cayenensis (yellow yam), D. trifida (cushcush yam), and D. dumetorum (bitter yam). Ghanaian consumers are, however, very conversant with two varieties, D. rotundata and D. alata, which are mainly found in the markets (Demuyakor et al., 2013). Generally, in the subregion, yam gives people various opportunities to reduce poverty levels, improve nutrition, and enhance food security (FAO, 2019). In Ghana, yams are eaten as ampesi (boiled), fufu (pounded), eto (mashed), roasted, fried, and wasawasa (steamed). Due to the importance of yam to the

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of gender on end‐user preferences for yam quality descriptors

Effah-Manu

Wireko‐Manu

Agbenorhevi

et al. 2022

Food Science & Nutrition

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“…Milk sold in the informal sector-unpasteurized and unpackaged-is an important source of affordable and accessible protein for low-income consumers in Tanzania. It is cheaper relative to packaged milk from the formal sector, is accessible and available in small quantities, and consumers perceive it to be of high quality (Galiè et al, 2021). Our study demonstrates that quality and safety are key factors driving trading decisions throughout the chain in Tanzania's dominant informal milk sector and shows scope for using those as drivers of upgrading the sector.…”

Section: Conclusion and Policy Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 74%

The governance of quality and safety in Tanzania's informal milk markets

Blackmore

Guarín²,

Kinyua³

et al. 2022

Front. Sustain. Food Syst.

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Despite significant economic and social transformation in Tanzania, 95% of the milk produced in Tanzania is marketed informally. Most of this is commercialized raw (unpasteurized) and distributed and sold through informal traders and vendors to low-income consumers, making it an important source of nutrition and livelihoods. While Tanzania's official dairy policy promotes pasteurization and formal industry, in practice the regulatory environment is relatively permissive of informal raw milk trade. We draw on original data from a survey with over 200 informal market actors, and insights from key informant interviews, to examine the context, perceptions and practices that affect quality and safety in the informal milk market in Tanzania. Our insights contribute to the potential for a more realistic and effective engagement with the informal sector, in Tanzania and beyond. Our results show that all informal market actors are concerned with milk quality and safety and take measures to mitigate risk. Loyalty and repeated interactions between buyers and sellers contribute to ensuring milk quality and safety in the absence of formal mechanisms such as testing. Despite this there is room for improvement. Informal actors expressed interest in training and finance to upgrade their premises and equipment and would also like to see improved communication with policymakers. Any future policy interventions should build on the indigenous practices being used by informal actors that already contribute to risk management. Efforts to better understand the informal sector and address the broader challenge of the lack of voice and representation of the informal sector in policy making in Tanzania are needed.

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“…Among all milk-containing infant food collected, porridge was more likely to contain Bacteroides MST markers than other food types. In Kenya, milk is often added to porridge as part of the diet ( Galiè et al, 2021 ). The milk may not reach a sufficient temperature to kill Bacteroides and other microbes if milk is added after boiling, which would explain BacR detection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteroides Microbial Source Tracking Markers Perform Poorly in Predicting Enterobacteriaceae and Enteric Pathogen Contamination of Cow Milk Products and Milk-Containing Infant Food

et al. 2022

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Consumption of microbiologically contaminated food is one of the leading causes of diarrheal diseases. Understanding the source of enteric pathogens in food is important to guide effective interventions. Enterobacteriaceae bacterial assays typically used to assess food safety do not shed light on the source. Source-specific Bacteroides microbial source tracking (MST) markers have been proposed as alternative indicators for water fecal contamination assessment but have not been evaluated as an alternative fecal indicator in animal-derived foods. This study tested various milk products collected from vendors in urban Kenyan communities and infant foods made with the milk (n = 394 pairs) using conventional culture methods and TaqMan qPCR for enteric pathogens and human and bovine-sourced MST markers. Detection profiles of various enteric pathogens and Bacteroides MST markers in milk products differed from that of milk-containing infant foods. MST markers were more frequently detected in infant food prepared by caregivers, indicating recent contamination events were more likely to occur during food preparation at home. However, Bacteroides MST markers had lower sensitivity in detecting enteric pathogens in food than traditional Enterobacteriaceae indicators. Bacteroides MST markers tested in this study were not associated with the detection of culturable Salmonella enterica and Shigella sonnei in milk products or milk-containing infant food. The findings show that while Bacteroides MST markers could provide valuable information about how foods become contaminated, they may not be suitable for predicting the origin of the enteric pathogen contamination sources.

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Intra-Household Handling and Consumption Dynamics of Milk in Peri-Urban Informal Markets in Tanzania and Kenya: A Gender Lens

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

The effect of gender on end‐user preferences for yam quality descriptors

The effect of gender on end‐user preferences for yam quality descriptors

The governance of quality and safety in Tanzania's informal milk markets

Bacteroides Microbial Source Tracking Markers Perform Poorly in Predicting Enterobacteriaceae and Enteric Pathogen Contamination of Cow Milk Products and Milk-Containing Infant Food

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