Intra-hippocampal administration of cycloheximide attenuates the restraint-induced exploratory deficit of an elevated plus maze

Mendonça, Fernanda-Lyrio; Guimarães, Francisco Silveira

doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(97)00129-0

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Immobilization (37,38), social defeat (3) and exposure to smells unpleasant to rats such as cat odor (7) forced swimming tests (12, 13). This abnormal openfield behavior, the increases in locomotor activity, rearing and defecation and the decrease in grooming observed in SART-stressed rats was partially inhibited by diazepam and alprazolam (9).…”

Section: Effects Of Antianxiety Drugs On Sart Stress-induced Anxiogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety-Like Behavior in Elevated Plus-Maze Tests in Repeatedly Cold-Stressed Mice

Hata

Nishikawa

Itoh

et al. 2001

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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ABSTRACT-To clarify the relationship between SART (specific alternation of rhythm in temperature) stress (repeated cold stress) and anxiety, the effects of various types of stress on the behavior of mice were studied in elevated plus-maze tests and then the effects of anxiolytics were evaluated. The percentage of time spent in the open arms of the plus-maze apparatus decreased in mice subjected to SART stress without change in the total number of arm entries. No change was noted in mice subjected to other stresses, such as 1-h, 2-day and 5-day cold stress and 1-h, 15-h and 5´15-h restraint stress. The reduction in the percentage of time spent in the open arms caused by SART stress was inhibited by single and repeated administrations of diazepam and alprazolam and by a single administration of buspirone, which have no influence on the percentage of time spent in the open arms in nonstressed mice, but not by flumazenil, WAY-100635 and chronic treatment with buspirone. The effects of diazepam and buspirone were antagonized by flumazenil and WAY-100635, respectively. The behavior of SART-stressed mice in the plus-maze would thus appear to arise from anxiety, to which benzodiazepine and serotonin receptors are related, but the diazepam binding inhibitor, an endogenous anxiogenic protein, is not. Thus SART-stressed animals may be useful for investigating the psychopharmacological and neuropharmacological basis of anxiety.Keywords: Elevated plus-maze, Stress, SART stress, Anxiety, Repeated cold stressThe relationship between anxiety and stress is a point of much interest. Chronic stress induces mood disorder-like behavior in mammals including humans, and it may be a main factor in the development of anxiety (1, 2). Exposure to various types of stress results in anxiogenic behavior in tests for anxiety in animals. Social stress (3, 4), inescapable electric foot-shocks (5), immersion in water (6) and exposure to unpleasant smells such as cat odor (7) reduce the exploration of open spaces in an elevated plus-maze and cause reduction in social interactions in mice (7, 8).The behavioral characteristics of animals exposed to SART (specific alternation of rhythm in temperature) stress (9 -13) were studied. SART stress (14) is stimulation by repeated and sudden changes in environmental temperature from room temperature to cold temperature, an event that may be encountered by humans in daily life such as in early spring or autumn or when leaving an air-conditioned room in summer or a heated room in winter. Animals exposed to SART stress are a model of autonomic imbalance (15) and show adverse biological events (16 -19) and physiological abnormalities (14, 20 -23). Abnormal behavior is shown in open-field (9), step-down (11) and forced swimming tests (12, 13). This abnormal behavior is normalized by antianxiety agents (9, 12, 13). Changes in neurotransmitters related to abnormal behavior have been noted (24 -26). Certain aspects of these abnormalities are thought to be related to anxiety.To clarify the relationship between SART ...

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Section: Effects Of Antianxiety Drugs On Sart Stress-induced Anxiogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anxiety-Like Behavior in Elevated Plus-Maze Tests in Repeatedly Cold-Stressed Mice

Hata

Nishikawa

Itoh

et al. 2001

Japanese Journal of Pharmacology

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“…For example, rats submitted to 2 h of restraint show an exploratory deficit of new environments such as an open arena 24 h after the stress (2)(3)(4)(5), suggesting that previous stressful experiences may modify the animal response to new aversive stimuli (2). Neurochemical changes such as an increase in benzodiazepine receptor affinity in the frontal cortex (6) or an increase in the 5HIAA serotonin metabolite in the same region and in the hippocampus and raphe nuclei (7) have also been reported.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have recently shown that the restraintinduced decreased activity is also evident when the animal is exposed to the elevated plus-maze, an animal model of anxiety (2)(3)(4)(5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Restraint-induced hypoactivity in an elevated plus-maze

Padovan

Guimarães

2000

Braz J Med Biol Res

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111

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Rodents submitted to restraint stress show decreased activity in an elevated plus-maze (EPM) 24 h later. The objective of the present study was to determine if a certain amount of time is needed after stress for the development of these changes. We also wanted to verify if behavioral tolerance of repeated daily restraint would be detectable in this model. Male Wistar rats were restrained for 2 h and tested in the EPM 1, 2, 24 or 48 h later. Another group of animals was immobilized daily for 2 h for 7 days, being tested in the EPM 24 h after the last restraint period. Restraint induced a significant decrease in the percent of entries and time spent in the open arms, as well as a decrease in the number of enclosed arm entries. The significant effect in the number of entries and the percentage of time spent in the open arms disappeared when the data were submitted to analysis of covariance using the number of enclosed arm entries as a covariate. This suggests that the restraint-induced hypoactivity influences the measures of open arm exploration. The modifications of restraint-induced hypoactivity are evident 24 or 48 h, but not 1 or 2 h, after stress. In addition, rats stressed daily for seven days became tolerant to this effect.

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“…Many of the studies described above compare behavior of repeatedly-stressed groups to unstressed controls while we compared behavior of repeatedly-stressed rats to acutely-stressed rats. A single restraint reliably increases anxiety-related behavior in the EPM 24 hours later compared to unstressed controls (Mendonca & Guimaraes, 1998;Calvo & Volosin, 2001). Whether CRH in the mPFC regulates anxietyrelated behavior in animals without any prior stress experience remains to be seen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Evaluation of responses on the EPM 24 hours after restraint is a commonly used test of stressinduced anxiety-like behavior in rodents (Martijena et al, 1997;Mendonca & Guimaraes, 1998;Calvo and Volosin, 2001). We selected the EPM as our test of anxiety-related behavior because of its documented utility in measuring stress-induced anxiety following exposure to various stressors including restraint (Martijena et al, 1997;Mendonca & Guimaraes, 1998;Calvo and Volosin, 2001;Korte & De Boer, 2003) and because it does not require lengthy training, the use of noxious stimuli such as electric shock, or manipulation of appetitive behaviors. Furthermore, the EPM has been pharmacologically validated, as a test of anxiety in rodents (Pellow et al, 1985;Pellow & File, 1986).…”

Section: Behavior In the Elevated Plus Mazementioning

confidence: 99%

Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex regulate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal activity and anxiety-related behavior regardless of prior stress experience

Jaferi

Bhatnagar

2007

Brain Research

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The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis habituates, or gradually decreases its activity, with repeated exposure to the same stressor. During habituation, the HPA axis likely requires input from cortical and limbic regions involved in processing of cognitive information that is important in coping to stress. Brain regions such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) are recognized as important in mediating these processes. The mPFC modulates stress-related behavior and some evidence suggests that the mPFC regulates acute and repeated stress-induced HPA responses. Interestingly, corticotropin releasing hormone(CRH)-1 receptors, which integrate neuroendocrine, behavioral and autonomic responses to stress, are localized in the mPFC but have not been specifically examined with respect to HPA regulation. We hypothesized that CRH receptor activity in the mPFC contributes to stress-induced regulation of HPA activity and anxiety-related behavior, and that CRH release in the mPFC may differentially regulate HPA responses in acutely-compared to repeatedly-stressed animals. In the present experiments, we found that blockade of CRH receptors in the mPFC with the non-selective receptor antagonist, D-Phe-CRH (50ng or 100ng) significantly inhibited HPA responses compared to vehicle regardless of whether animals were exposed to a single, acute 30min restraint or to the eighth 30min restraint. We also found that intra-mPFC injections of CRH (20ng) significantly increased anxiety-related behavior in the elevated plus maze in both acutely-and repeatedly-restrained groups compared to vehicle. Together, these results suggest an excitatory influence of CRH in the mPFC on stress-induced HPA activity and anxiety-related behavior regardless of prior stress experience.

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Intra-hippocampal administration of cycloheximide attenuates the restraint-induced exploratory deficit of an elevated plus maze

Cited by 20 publications

References 22 publications

Anxiety-Like Behavior in Elevated Plus-Maze Tests in Repeatedly Cold-Stressed Mice

Anxiety-Like Behavior in Elevated Plus-Maze Tests in Repeatedly Cold-Stressed Mice

Restraint-induced hypoactivity in an elevated plus-maze

Corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors in the medial prefrontal cortex regulate hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal activity and anxiety-related behavior regardless of prior stress experience

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