Intra-familial distribution of nine putative periodontopathogens in dental plaque samples analyzed by PCR

Okada, Morihiko; Hayashi, Fumiko; Soda, Yoshinori; Zhong, Xiabo; Miura, Kazuo; Kozai, Katsuyuki

doi:10.2334/josnusd.46.149

Cited by 25 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…While the data are rather sparse, similar types of outcomes can be inferred from the existing literature in humans, where there exists a familial tendency for the expression of periodontitis, particularly that related to aggressive periodontitis and infection with A. actinomycetemcomitans (58). Analogous findings have also supported an increased prevalence of periodontitis in families of parents with severe disease, which is generally related to high levels of specific pathogens at the disease sites (45,59,60), although negligible information is available regarding the dynamics of the transmission of specific bacteria from infected parents to their offspring.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Nevertheless, the detailed characteristics of this microbial acquisition remain speculative, and minimal information is available regarding the development of host responses to this oral colonization in young individuals. It does appear that these bacteria that are acquired early in life become integrated into the commensal autochthonous oral microbial ecology within the individual (43)(44)(45)(46).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Acquisition of Oral Microbes and Associated Systemic Responses of Newborn Nonhuman Primates

Ebersole

Holt

Delaney

2013

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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The acquisition and development of the complex oral microbiome remain ill defined. While selected species of oral bacteria have been examined in relation to their initial colonization in neonates, a more detailed understanding of the dynamics of the microbiome has been developed only in adults. The current investigation used a nonhuman primate model to document the kinetics of colonization of the oral cavities of newborns and infants by a range of oral commensals and pathogens. Differences in colonization were evaluated in newborns from mothers who were maintained on an oral hygiene regimen pre-and postparturition with those displaying naturally acquired gingivitis/periodontitis. The results demonstrate distinct profiles of acquisition of selected oral bacteria, with the transmission of targeted pathogens, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, being passed on primarily from mothers with gingivitis/periodontitis. This colonization resulted in defined patterns of systemic antibody responses in the infants. The significant relative risk measures for infection with the pathogens, as well as the relationship of oral infection and blood serum antibody levels, were consistent with those of the newborns from mothers with gingivitis/periodontitis. These findings indicate that the early acquisition of potentially pathogenic oral bacterial species might impact the development of mucosal responses in the gingiva and may provide an enhanced risk for the development of periodontitis later in life.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Acquisition of Oral Microbes and Associated Systemic Responses of Newborn Nonhuman Primates

Ebersole

Holt

Delaney

2013

Clin. Vaccine Immunol.

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“…These results for adult periodontitis patients were similar to the present results obtained in children. We also reported previously that the prevalence of P. gingivalis was 71.4% in both fathers and mothers of proband families, while it was 35.7% in their children (24), and we found that parents are an important source of periodontal pathogens that colonize the oral cavities of their children (24). On the other hand, P. gingivalis was shown to be less easily transmitted from parents to children (25), while another study noted that the pathogen may be difficult to transmit or require a longer period of time for colonization (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in Japanese children

et al. 2012

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“…It is clear that levels of gram-negative periodontal pathogens increase with age, although studies of young humans and nonhuman primates demonstrate that many microorganisms associated with periodontal pathogenesis are acquired early in life and become integrated into the commensal autochthonous oral microbial ecology (9,29,30,56). However, it remains unclear how the age of the host impacts recognition of and response to these oral microorganisms.…”

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confidence: 94%

Effects of Age and Oral Disease on Systemic Inflammatory and Immune Parameters in Nonhuman Primates

Ebersole

Steffen

González‐Martínez

et al. 2008

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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This report evaluated systemic inflammatory and immune biomarkers in a cohort of Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkeys) maintained as a large family social unit, including an age range from <1 year to >24 years. We hypothesized that the systemic host responses would be affected by the age, gender, and clinical oral presentation of the population, each contributing to inflammatory and immune responses that would reflect chronic oral infections. The results demonstrated that the prevalence and severity of periodontitis, including missing teeth, increased significantly with age. Generally, minimal differences in clinical parameters were noted between the genders. Systemic inflammatory mediators, including acute-phase reactants, prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ), cytokines/chemokines, and selected matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), demonstrated significant differences among the various age groups of animals. Levels of many of these were increased with age, although PGE 2 , RANTES, bactericidal permeability-inducing factor (BPI), MMP-1, and MMP-9 levels were significantly increased in the young group (ϳ1 to 3 years old) relative to those for the older animals. We observed that in the adult and aged animals, levels of the systemic inflammatory mediators related to gingival inflammation and periodontal tissue destruction were significantly elevated. Serum antibody levels in response to a battery of periodontal pathogens were generally lower in the young animals, <50% of those in the adults, and were significantly related to aging in the cohort. The levels of antibodies, particularly those to Porphorymonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Tannerella forsythia, were most significantly elevated in animals with periodontal disease, irrespective of the age of the animal. These results provide a broad description of oral health and host responses in a large cohort of nonhuman primates from very young animals to the aged of this species. The findings afford a base of data with which to examine the ontogeny of host responses at mucosal sites, such as the gingival tissues.Periodontal disease is the predominant chronic inflammatory disease of humanity (37,38,78,82) and has been noted to occur naturally with increasing age in humans and nonhuman primates (36,63,69,88). This oral disease is an outcome of complex oral infections, chronic immunoinflammatory responses, and resulting destruction of soft and hard tissues of the periodontium (37,78,80,82,84). In both humans and nonhuman primates, the extent of disease is predicted to be controlled by the quality and quantity of the host response and likely is modulated by systemic disease (48), environmental stressors (6, 76, 85), and the genetic backgrounds of the individuals (3, 70, 84).The oral microbial characteristics of subgingival biofilms in younger and older individuals demonstrate differences in composition and complexity, which have been suggested to contribute directly to the microbial infections that trigger the destructive disease of oral tissues that occurs during aging (4,35,49,...

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Intra-familial distribution of nine putative periodontopathogens in dental plaque samples analyzed by PCR

Cited by 25 publications

References 23 publications

Acquisition of Oral Microbes and Associated Systemic Responses of Newborn Nonhuman Primates

Acquisition of Oral Microbes and Associated Systemic Responses of Newborn Nonhuman Primates

Prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis fimA genotypes in Japanese children

Effects of Age and Oral Disease on Systemic Inflammatory and Immune Parameters in Nonhuman Primates

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